Tab. II.
Clinical features of patients with SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infections.
| Characteristics | N. of studies |
SARS-CoV % (95% CI) |
N. of studies |
SARS-CoV-2 % (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients, n. | 17 | 3,365 | 71 | 23,280 |
| Gender | ||||
| Male, n. (%) | 17 | 1,360 (40.4) | 67 | 6,530 (55.8) |
| Female, n. (%) | 17 | 2,005 (59.6) | 67 | 5,179 (44.2) |
| Age group | ||||
| Children (<18 ys), n. (%) | 4 | 92 (2.7) | 15 | 807 (3.5) |
| Adults/Older, n. (%) | 14 | 3,273 (97.3) | 55 | 22,374 (96.5) |
| Systemic/General symptoms | ||||
| Fever | 17 | 87.90 (86.80-89.01) | 71 | 58.9 (58.23-59.49) |
| Fatigue/Malaise | 17 | 49.18 (47.49-50.87) | 71 | 8.91 (8.54-9.27) |
| Chills | 17 | 53.52 (51.84-55.21) | 71 | 0.96 (0.84-1.09) |
| Influenza-like | 17 | 30.61 (29.05-32.17) | 71 | - |
| Night sweats | 17 | 11.80 (10.71-12.89) | 71 | - |
| Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal symptoms | ||||
| Cough | 17 | 58.31 (56.64-59.97) | 71 | 62.50 (61.87-63.12) |
| Shortness of breath/Dyspnea | 17 | 26.48 (24.99-27.97) | 71 | 27.46 (26.89-28.03) |
| Sputum production | 17 | 26.54 (25.05-28.03) | 71 | 7.32 (6,99-7,65) |
| Rhinorrhea/Runny nose | 17 | 2.97 (2.40-3.55) | 71 | 4.90 (4.62-5.18) |
| Sore throat | 17 | 21.63 (20.24-23.03) | 71 | 3.69 (3.45-3.94) |
| Acute respiratory distress | 17 | - | 71 | 0.77 (0.41-0.88) |
| Nasal congestion/Stuffy nose | 17 | - | 71 | 0.55 (0.46-0.65) |
| Chest pain | 17 | 1.84 (1.39-2.30) | 71 | 0.34 (0.26-0.41) |
| Pharyngeal erythema | 17 | - | 71 | 0.34 (0.26-0.41) |
| Chest distress | 17 | - | 71 | 0.31 (0.24-0.38) |
| Haemoptysis | 17 | 0.68 (0.41-0.96) | 71 | 0.30 (0.23-0.37) |
| Tachypnea | 17 | 1.58 (1.15-2.00) | 71 | 0.22 (0.16-0.28) |
| Voice hoarse | 17 | - | 71 | 0.06 (0.03-0.10) |
| Coryza | 17 | 15.75 (14.52-16.98) | 71 | 0.03 (0.01-0.05) |
| Oropharyngeal pain | 17 | - | 71 | 0.004 (0.00-0.01) |
| Rhonchi | 17 | 1.10 (0.75-1.45) | 71 | - |
| Percussion dullness | 17 | 0.21 (0.05-0.36) | 71 | - |
| Pleurisy | 17 | 0.09 (0.00-0.19) | 71 | - |
| Wheezing | 17 | 0.03 (0.00-0.09) | 71 | - |
| Cardiovascular symptoms | ||||
| Cardiac injury | 17 | - | 71 | 0.12 (0.07-0.16) |
| Palpitation | 17 | 2.91 (2.34-3.48) | 71 | 0.12 (0.08-0.17) |
| Tachycardia | 17 | 1.96 (1.49-2.34) | 71 | 0.03 (0.01-0.06) |
| Shock | 17 | - | 71 | 0.02 (0.00-0.04) |
| Gastrointestinal symptoms | ||||
| Diarrhea | 17 | 19.82 (18.47-21.17) | 71 | 18.52 (18.12-19.12) |
| Abdominal pain | 17 | 5.65 (4.87.6.43) | 71 | 6.51 (6.19-6.82) |
| Vomiting | 17 | 9.30 (8.32-10.28) | 71 | 5.00 (4.72-5.28) |
| Nausea | 17 | 13.16 (12.02-14.31) | 71 | 4.63 (4.36-4.90) |
| Anorexia | 17 | 24.07 (22.63-25.52) | 71 | 1.40 (1.25-1.56) |
| Dehydration | 17 | - | 71 | 0.03 (0.01-0.05) |
| Neurological symptoms | ||||
| Headache | 17 | 44.40 (42.72-46.08) | 71 | 32.48 (31.88-33.08) |
| Ageusia | 17 | - | 71 | 1.89 (1.72-2.07) |
| Dizziness | 17 | 20.48 (19.11-21.84) | 71 | 0.37 (0.30-0.45) |
| Anosmia | 17 | - | 71 | 0.34 (0.26-0-41) |
| Impaired consciousness | 17 | - | 71 | 0.27 (0.20-0.33) |
| Agitation | 17 | - | 71 | 0.17 (0.12-0.23) |
| Corticospinal tract signs | 17 | - | 71 | 0.17 (0.11-0.22) |
| Dysexecutive syndrome | 17 | - | 71 | 0.06 (0.03-0.09) |
| Perfusion abnormalities | 17 | - | 71 | 0.05 (0.02-0.08) |
| Acute cerebrovascular disease | 17 | - | 71 | 0.04 (0.01-0.06) |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) | 17 | - | 71 | 0.03 (0.01-0.05) |
| Leptomeningeal enhancement | 17 | - | 71 | 0.03 (0.01-0.06) |
| Nerve pain | 17 | - | 71 | 0.02 (0.00-0.04) |
| Seizure | 17 | 0.03 (0.00-0.09) | 71 | 0.01 (0.00-0.03) |
| Ataxia | 17 | - | 71 | 0.004 (0.00-0.013) |
| Miller Fisher Syndrome | 17 | - | 71 | 0.004 (0.00-0.013) |
| Polyneuritis cranialis | 17 | - | 71 | 0.004 (0.00-0.013) |
| Anxiety | 17 | 0.03 (0.00-0.09) | 71 | - |
| Kidney symptoms | ||||
| Dialysis | 17 | - | 71 | 0.15 (0.10-0.21) |
| Kidney injury | 17 | . | 71 | 0.11 (0.07-0.15) |
| Musculoskeletal and connective symptoms | ||||
| Myalgia/arthralgia | 17 | 40.62 (38.96-42.28) | 71 | 35.62 (35.00-36.23) |
| Hypodynamia | 17 | - | 71 | 0.25 (0.19-0.32) |
| Back discomfort | 17 | - | 71 | 0.01 (0.00-0.03) |
| Rigor | 17 | 19.17 (17.84-20.50) | 71 | - |
| Neck pain | 17 | 0.09 (0.00-0.19) | 71 | - |
| Skin and subcutaneous tissue symptoms | ||||
| Itch | 17 | - | 71 | 0.91 (0.79-1.04) |
| Maculopapular rash | 17 | - | 71 | 0.76 (0.64-0.87) |
| Urticaria | 17 | - | 71 | 0.33 (0.25-0.40) |
| Pseudo-chilblains | 17 | - | 71 | 0.30 (0.23-0.38) |
| Chickenpox-like vesicles | 17 | - | 71 | 0.15 (0.10-0.20) |
| Pain | 17 | - | 71 | 0.14 (0.09-0.19) |
| Livedo/necrosis | 17 | - | 71 | 0.09 (0.05-0.13) |
| Erythematous rash | 17 | - | 71 | 0.07 (0.04-0.25) |
| Burning | 17 | - | 71 | 0.09 (0.06-0.13) |
| Rash | 17 | 00.3 (0.00-0.09) | 71 | 0.02 (0.00-0.04) |
| Cyanosis | 17 | - | 71 | 0.004 (0.00-0.013) |
| Eye symptoms | ||||
| Conjunctival congestion | 17 | - | 71 | 0.05 (0.02-0.08) |
| Vision impairment | 17 | - | 71 | 0.01 (0.00-0.03) |
| Hepatic symptoms | ||||
| Liver injury | 17 | - | 71 | 0.37 (0.29-0.45) |
| Comorbidities and risk factor | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | N. of studies |
SARS-CoV % (95% CI) |
N. of studies |
SARS-CoV-2 % (95% CI) |
| Patients, n. | 17 | 3,365 | 72 | 26,650 |
| Gender | ||||
| Male, n. (%) | 17 | 1,360 (40.4) | 68 | 15,163 (58.3) |
| Female, n. (%) | 17 | 2,005 (59.6) | 68 | 10,860 (41.7) |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 17 | 0.12 (0.00-0.24) | 72 | 11.28 (10.90-11.66) |
| Hypertension | 17 | 0.03 (0.00-0.09) | 72 | 21.00 (20.51-21.49) |
| Cardiac arrhythmia | 17 | - | 72 | 1.14 (1.01-1.27) |
| Coronary artery disease | 17 | - | 72 | 6.43 (6.13-6.72) |
| Congestive heart failure | 17 | - | 72 | 2.29 (2.11-2.47) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 17 | 0.03 (0.00-0.09) | 72 | 0.89 (0.78-1.01) |
| Respiratory system diseases | 17 | - | 72 | 0.58 (0.49-0.67) |
| Asthma | 17 | - | 72 | 2.26 (2.08-2.44) |
| COPD | 17 | 0.09 (0.00-0.19) | 72 | 2.57 (2.38-2.76) |
| Chronic lung disease | 17 | - | 72 | 0.81 (0.71-0.92) |
| Nervous system disease | 17 | - | 72 | 0.36 (0.29-0.43) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 17 | 0.06 (0.00-0.14) | 72 | 2.02 (1.85-2.19) |
| End-stage kidney disease | 17 | - | 72 | 0.70 (0.60-0.80) |
| Chronic liver disease | 17 | 0.09 (0.00-0.19) | 72 | 0.67 (0.57-0.67) |
| Cirrhosis | 17 | - | 72 | 0.15 (0.10-0.20) |
| Hepatitis B | 17 | - | 72 | 0.14 (0.10-0.19) |
| Hepatitis C | 17 | - | 72 | 0.01 (0.00-0.02) |
| Tuberculosis | 17 | - | 72 | 0.04 (0.02-0.07) |
| Digestive system disease | 17 | - | 72 | 0.54 (0.46-0.63) |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 17 | - | 72 | 10.20 (9.84-10.56) |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 17 | - | 72 | 0.71 (0.61-0.81) |
| Obesity | 17 | - | 72 | 9.77 (9.41-10.13) |
| Diabetes | 17 | 0.21 (0.05-0.36) | 72 | 15.37 (14.93-15.80) |
| Endocrine system disease | 17 | - | 72 | 0.51 (0.42-0.60) |
| Rheumatologic disease | 17 | - | 72 | 0.02 (0.00-0.04) |
| Immunosuppression | 17 | - | 72 | 1.09 (0.96-1.21) |
| HIV infection | 17 | - | 72 | 0.18 (0.13-0.23) |
| Transplant | 17 | - | 72 | 0.22 (0.16-0.27) |
| Blood disorder | 17 | - | 72 | 0.04 (0.01-0.06) |
| Myelodysplastic syndrome | 17 | 0.06 (0.00-0.14) | 72 | - |
| Malignancy | 17 | 0.03 (0.00-0.09) | 72 | 2.22 (2.04-2.39) |
| Allergic rhinitis | 17 | - | 72 | 0.39 (0.32-0.47) |
| Hyoxemia | 17 | - | 72 | 0.02 (0.00-0.03) |
| Pregnancy | 17 | - | 72 | 0.03 (0.01-0.05) |
| Smoking | 17 | - | 72 | 2.75 (2.55-2.95) |
| Prognosis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | N. of studies |
SARS-CoV-1 % (95% CI) |
N. of studies |
SARS-CoV-2 % (95% CI) |
| Patients, n. | 17 | 3,365 | 75 | 38,318 |
| Gender | ||||
| Male, n. (%) | 17 | 1,360 (40.4) | 71 | 15,532 (58.1) |
| Female, n. (%) | 17 | 2,005 (59.6) | 71 | 11,215 (41.9) |
| Prognosis | ||||
| Hospital admission | 17 | 55.66 (53.98-57.34)* | 73 | 91.60 (91.17-91.83)* |
| Discharge | 17 | 91.41 (90.46-92.36)* | 65 | 52.53 (51.92-53.15)* |
| Death | 17 | 5.26 (4.51-6.01)* | 72 | 7.80 (7.48-8.12)* |
* At the time of writing reports; for clinical features: 4 studies do not report gender differences, 1 study do not report age group; for comorbidities: 4 studies do not report gender differences; for prognosis: 2 studies do not report hospital admission, 10 studies do not report discharge, 3 studies do not report death.