Table 1. Baseline Characteristics According to Treatment Group (Intention-to-Treat Analysis).
| Characteristic | Group, No. (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Combined atropine and patching | Patching | |
| Total No. | 53 | 55 |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 25 (47) | 29 (53) |
| Female | 28 (53) | 26 (47) |
| Age at enrollment, y | ||
| 3-<7 | 48 (91) | 49 (89) |
| 7-<13 | 5 (9) | 6 (11) |
| Mean (SD), y | 5.2 (1.3) | 5.1 (1.8) |
| Amblyopia cause | ||
| Strabismus | 10 (19) | 11 (20) |
| Anisometropia | 30 (57) | 34 (62) |
| Mixed | 13 (25) | 10 (18) |
| Type of strabismusa | ||
| Esotropia | 13 (57) | 12 (57) |
| Exotropia | 10 (43) | 9 (43) |
| Duration of prior amblyopia treatment, db | ||
| 0 | 47 (89) | 50 (91) |
| 1-15 | 4 (8) | 4 (7) |
| 16-30 | 2 (4) | 1 (2) |
| Distance VA in amblyopic eyec | ||
| 0.2 (20/100) | 5 (9) | 10 (18) |
| 0.16 (20/125) | 17 (32) | 23 (42) |
| 0.1 (20/200) | 20 (38) | 13 (24) |
| 0.05 (20/400) | 7 (13) | 5 (9) |
| 0.04 (20/500) | 4 (8) | 4 (7) |
| LogMAR, mean (SD) | 0.98 (0.22) | 0.93 (0.23) |
| VA in Snellen equivalent, mean | 20/200 + 1 | 20/200 + 3 |
| Distance VA in fellow eyec | ||
| 1.0 (20/20) | 22 (42) | 19 (35) |
| 0.8 (20/25) | 16 (30) | 18 (33) |
| 0.6 (20/32) | 9 (17) | 11 (20) |
| 0.5 (20/40) | 3 (6) | 0 (0) |
| 0.4 (20/50) | 3 (6) | 7 (13) |
| LogMAR, mean (SD) | 0.11 (0.12) | 0.13 (0.13) |
| VA in Snellen equivalent, mean | 20/32 + 4 | 20/32 + 3 |
| Interocular VA difference, mean (SD), line | 8.74 (2.47) | 7.95 (2.48) |
| Refractive error, mean (SD), Dd | ||
| Amblyopic eye | 6.04(2.30) | 6.71 (2.40) |
| Fellow eye | 2.63 (2.02) | 3.29 (2.10) |
Abbreviations: D, diopter; VA, visual acuity.
a
Type of strabismus includes patients with strabismic amblyopia or mixed amblyopia; thus, the total number of strabismus type is not 108.
b
Prior amblyopia treatment only refers to spectacle wear.
c
The distance visual acuity is measured by Standard Logarithm Visual Acuity Chart. Approximate Snellen equivalent is provided in parentheses.
d
Spherical equivalent in diopters.