Fig. 4.

Ambiguous genomic composition of Heliconius hecalesia. (A) Although usually recovered as the sister species of Heliconius hermathena and Heliconius erato in bifurcating phylogenies, H. hecalesia shares variation with the clades of Heliconius sara and Heliconius clysonymus. Principal Component Analysis of variation in the autosomal SNPs within the H. erato/sapho clade. First two PCs account for over half of the variation. (B) Models of divergence history in the H. erato/Heliconius telesiphe group inferred by PHRAPL, where orange edges indicate gene flow. Models including up to five terms for coalescence, gene flow and variation in population sizes were fitted to four sets of three taxa, extracted from the 6725 gene trees. The bar in panel 4E shows time in units of 4N (diploid population size; see supplementary table S6, Supplementary Material online).