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. 2021 Jul 2;9:662406. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.662406

FIGURE 5.

FIGURE 5

(A) Upconversion (UC)-based NPs synthesis. (B) Cell pretreatment and osteogenic differentiation process. (C) Normalized alkaline phosphatase activity expression by MSCs. (D) Cell viability (adapted by Ma et al., 2016). ∗∗p < 0.01 compared with control group.