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. 2021 Jul 2;11:708263. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.708263

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Copyright © 2021 Zhu, Zheng and Liu

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(Created with Created with BioRender.com). Schematic diagram of the antioxidant system. $O_{2}^{-}$ , superoxide anion; H₂O₂, hydrogen peroxide; CAT, catalase; GPX, glutathione peroxidase; SOD, superoxide dismutase; GSH, glutathione; GSSG, oxidized glutathione; NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; NOX, NADPH oxidase; GR, glutathione reductase; TRX, thioredoxin; TRXR, TRX reductase.