Table 3.
Odds ratio from logistic regression models showing the association of bio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics measure in round-I with acquiring and recovery from disability during round-II among panel data of older adults
| Characteristics | Change in disability status during round-II | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Disability acquired | Disability recovered | |||
| OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | |
| Gender of individual | ||||
| Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Female | 1.40*** | (1.21–1.61) | 0.85 | (0.56–1.29) |
| Age-group (in years) | ||||
| 60–69 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| 70–79 | 1.60*** | (1.45–1.78) | 0.57*** | (0.42–0.77) |
| 80+ | 2.27*** | (1.85–2.78) | 0.41*** | (0.23–0.72) |
| Had Cardiovascular diseases | ||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 1.32 | (0.91–1.91) | 0.59 | (0.30–1.19) |
| Had Hypertension | ||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 1.16 | (0.95–1.42) | 1.10 | (0.74–1.62) |
| Had Diabetes | ||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 1.14 | (0.86–1.50) | 0.74 | (0.45–1.21) |
| Had Respiratory illnesses | ||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 1.04 | (0.79–1.37) | 0.93 | (0.53–1.66) |
| Had Cataract | ||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 1.45** | (1.07–1.97) | 1.15 | (0.76–1.76) |
| Had Any other chronic illnesses | ||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 1.36*** | (1.09–1.69) | 0.57*** | (0.38–0.85) |
| Current marital status | ||||
| Currently married | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Currently not married | 1.12** | (1.01–1.25) | 1.06 | (0.76–1.47) |
| Level of education | ||||
| No formal schooling | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Less than 5 years of schooling | 1.06 | (0.93–1.21) | 0.76 | (0.52–1.10) |
| 6–10 years of schooling | 0.94 | (0.81–1.10) | 0.72 | (0.45–1.13) |
| More than 10 years of schooling | 1.01 | (0.83–1.22) | 0.82 | (0.45–1.52) |
| Working status | ||||
| Working | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Not working | 1.21*** | (1.06–1.39) | 1.34 | (0.80–2.23) |
| Household headship status | ||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 1.09 | (0.95–1.25) | 0.94 | (0.63–1.38) |
| Family structure | ||||
| Joint/Extended | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Nuclear | 0.93 | (0.80–1.09) | 1.17 | (0.72–1.88) |
| Single generation | 1.35*** | (1.16–1.57) | 1.07 | (0.71–1.62) |
| Household wealth quintile | ||||
| Poorest | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Poor | 0.93 | (0.80–1.09) | 1.58* | (0.92–2.72) |
| Medium | 0.83** | (0.71–0.97) | 2.16*** | (1.27–3.69) |
| Rich | 0.88 | (0.75–1.04) | 2.03** | (1.16–3.53) |
| Richest | 0.92 | (0.76–1.11) | 2.38*** | (1.31–4.33) |
| Household below poverty line (BPL) | ||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 1.02 | (0.91–1.15) | 1.12 | (0.74–1.69) |
| Caste of household | ||||
| Scheduled Tribes | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Scheduled Castes | 1.19 | (0.95–1.48) | 0.50* | (0.23–1.06) |
| Other Backward Classes | 1.19 | (0.96–1.47) | 0.44** | (0.22–0.90) |
| Others | 1.08 | (0.86–1.34) | 0.40** | (0.19–0.83) |
| Religion of household | ||||
| Hindu | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Muslim | 0.97 | (0.82–1.13) | 1.31 | (0.81–2.11) |
| Others | 1.16* | (0.97–1.38) | 0.82 | (0.51–1.30) |
| Participates in social group | ||||
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| No | 1.03 | (0.93–1.13) | 1.26 | (0.93–1.70) |
| Place of residence | ||||
| Urban | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Rural | 1.05 | (0.93–1.19) | 0.81 | (0.58–1.15) |
| Country regions | ||||
| Northern | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| North Eastern | 0.18*** | (0.11–0.28) | 3.29 | (0.55–19.9) |
| Central | 2.72*** | (2.31–3.19) | 0.51** | (0.29–0.91) |
| Eastern | 0.75*** | (0.65–0.87) | 2.70*** | (1.59–4.56) |
| Western | 0.70*** | (0.60–0.81) | 1.83*** | (1.18–2.82) |
| Southern | 1.40*** | (1.23–1.59) | 0.79 | (0.53–1.17) |
| Number of older adults | 9,533 | 994 | ||
Note – (a) Categories with odds ratio 1.00 are the reference category (b) * denotes p-value < 0.1, ** denotes p-value < 0.05, *** denotes p-value < 0.01 (c) OR: Odds ratio (d) 95 % Confidence interval (CI) is given in brackets