Table 3.

Comparative analysis of hormone levels between those with moderate to severe and mild COVID-19.

Parameter (Reference Range)	Moderate to severe disease (n=35)	Mild disease (n=49)	p value
Cortisol (nmol/l)	433 (353-571)	370 (279-454)	0.053
(170-550nmol/l)
ACTH (pg/ml)	16.3 (11.3-53.2)	32.1 (21.7-44.8)	0.234
(5-65pg/ml)
DHEAS (µg/dl)	86.2 ± 80.4	117.4 ± 62.0	0.086
(age and gender specific)
Free T3 (pg/ml)	0.26 (0.21-0.38)	0.33 (0.30-0.35)	0.057
(2-4.4pg/ml)
Total T3 (ng/ml)	0.63 (0.52-0.78)	1.11 (0.817-3.695)	0.119
(0.8-2ng/ml)
Free T4 (ng/dl)	1.41 (1.14-1.56)	1.29 (1.17-1.45)	0.380
(0.9-1.7ng/dl)
Low free T4 (%)	9.5	–	0.020
(<0.9ng/dl)
Normal free T4 (%)	76.2	97.6
(0.9-1.7ng/dl)
High free T4 (%)	14.3	2.4
(>1.7ng/dl)
Total T4 (µg/dl)	5.14 (4.50-6.84)	4.98 (3.54-5.64)	0.913
(4-12 µg/dl)
TSH (µIU/ml)	1.48 (0.69-2.70)	2.64 (1.68-4.15)	0.003
(0.2-4.2 µIU/ml)
Low TSH (%)	15.6	–	0.024
(<0.2 µIU/ml)
Normal TSH (%)	75	77.8
(0.2-4.2 µIU/ml)
LH (mIU/mL) (males)	8.7 (1.3-22.7)	6.3 (2.9-19.2)	0.136
(1.7-8.6mIU/mL in males 2.4-12.6mIU/mL in females)
FSH (mIU/mL) (males)	2.65 (1.99-20.50)	3.8 (1.76-6.20)	0.474
(1.5-12.4mIU/mL in males 3.5-12.5mIU/mL in females)
Testosterone (nmol/l)	2.93 (0.31-6.28)	7.50 (0.35-13.10)	0.079
(9-27nmol/l)
LH (mIU/mL) (females)	18.7 (0.5-29.9)	7.4 (1.1-9.2)	0.124
FSH (mIU/mL) (females)	19.5 (1.8-26.6)	4.4 (1.5-6.2)	0.131
Estradiol (pg/ml)	36.8 (10.1-116)	68.6 (18.4-115)	0.455
Prolactin (ng/ml)	15.4 (8.7-26.6)	19.7 (14.6-36.6)	0.057
(5-20ng/ml in males 5-25ng/ml in females)

Data are expressed as mean ± SD or median (q25-q75), as appropriate.

- Nil (None of the patients with mild disease had low free T4 or low TSH).

ACTH, Adrenocorticotrophic hormone; DHEAS, Dehydroepiandosterone sulphate; FSH, Follicle-stimulating hormone; LH, Luteinising hormone; T3, Tri-iodothyronine; T4, Tetra-iodothyonine; TSH, Thyroid-stimulating hormone.

The bold values refer to the parameters that were significantly different between both groups.