Table 3.

Treatment changes of points in the horizontal direction

Variable	Mean ± SD (mm)	p-value	N
UIE-h	−6.21 ± 2.25	.000***	308
UIR-h	−1.60 ± 1.43	.000***	308
UIA-h	1.05 ± 2.10	.000***	308
A-h	−0.63 ± 1.23	.000***	308
UIE-v	−1.22 ± 1.52	.000***	308
UIR-v	0.38 ± 1.37	.000***	308
UIA-v	0.83 ± 1.53	.000***	308
A-v	−0.23 ± 0.97	.000***	308
LIE-h	−4.65 ± 1.28	.000***	154
LIR-h	−2.97 ± 1.22	.000***	154
LIA-h	−1.52 ± 1.58	.000***	154
B-h	−0.80 ± 0.96	.000***	154
LIE-v	1.75 ± 2.08	.000***	154
LIR-v	0.84 ± 1.66	.000***	154
LIA-v	0.80 ± 1.84	.000***	154
B-v	1.75 ± 1.65	.000***	154
UTL	−0.93 ± 1.42	.000***	308
LTL	−1.11 ± 1.41	.000***	154

†h: horizontal displacement of points; v: vertical displacement of points; UTL: tooth length of the upper incisor; LTL: tooth length of the lower incisor.

‡ *** P < 0.001.