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. 2021 Jul 2;11:621834. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.621834

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Copyright © 2021 Chen, Li, Yu, Chou, Rhim, Yang, Shen, Dong, Huang, Huang, Zhang, Fan, Zhao, Gu, Huang, Zuo, Zhai, Xiao, Kuang, Li, Han, Song, Ma and Wu

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Multidisciplinary, comprehensive treatment model. TIPS: transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt; PS (performance status) score: systemic condition test score; Massive type: maximum tumor diameter > 10 cm; Diffuse type: extensive and diffusely distributed intrahepatic cancer lesions with unclear borders, often accompanied by cirrhosis; Ablation: RFA, MWA, and PEI, among others, but primarily RFA and MWA; *Efficacy comparison of surgery and TACE combined with ablation awaits confirmation in further randomized multicenter clinical studies. **Treatment of portal vein invasion and extrahepatic metastasis should be based on control of intrahepatic lesions, which mostly requires multidisciplinary, comprehensive treatment. 1. Tumors in the safe area are preferably ablated. When a tumor is in a dangerous area and is not suitable for ablation, surgery is considered. 2. Ablation treatment can be repeated. For a tumor that is difficult to ablate in one treatment, the residual portion can be ablated again after follow-up examinations.