Table 3.
Tool designing Smart Contracts
| Paper | Sources | Product/Objectives | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| (Wang et al. 2019) | 2019, IEEE | A research framework for smart contracts based on a novel six-layer architecture is proposed. | Listed technical, and legal challenges along with some typical applications of smart contracts for future references. |
| (Luu et al. 2016) | 2016, ACM SIGSAC | Investigates the security of running smart contracts based on Ethereum, an open distributed network. The authors claim that the tool has taken care of DAO bugs in Ethereum. | Oyente is a symbolic execution tool. It is developed to find security bugs and counter security attacks. The test evaluation of the implementation of Oyente has reduced the security threats false positive cases is 5.71%, mishandled exceptions is 27.9%. |
| (Coblenz et al. 2019) | 2019, IEEE | Smarter Smart Contract is a tool of smart contract development that defined a tool “OBSIDIAN”. | “OBSIDIAN” is a software development tool for the smart contract. This is a refined version of Oyente. This tool is used to develop the smart contract code in domain-specific languages to enhance the security and safety of the data. |
| (Marino and Juels 2016) | 2016, Springer | Altering and undoing Smart Contracts tool on Ethereum blockchain, which can take care of legal aspects of the smart contract. Code is developed on Solidity, Ethereum. | The primary outcome of this tool is to cancel or modify the smart contract along with the consecutive rights of the involved persons into the contract within the jurisdiction of the law of the respective countries. |
| (Chen et al. 2017) | 2017, IEEE | “GASPER” is a gas-efficient byte code. It is another type of token that is used to pay miners fees including transactions in their block. Ethereum 2.0 Beacon chain is an improvement of Ethereum. It is a new blockchain at the heart of the new Ethereum. | One responsibility of this chain is to allow validators to enter the staking system and build the blockchain instead of the miners. Besides, it stores references for shard states. The implementation of GASPER with 3-pattern gas-costly (Unnecessary code, loop, and additional cost) found that 93.5%, 90.1%, and 80% of the smart contract suffers from this pattern respectively. |
| (Guida and Daniel 2019) | 2019, IEEE | This introduces a model-driven development, which supports the reuse of smart contracts through service orientation. Solidity programming language is used in this work. | The proposed tool provides an interface between the API and internal code, flexibility to reuse the smart contract along with a search engine mechanism for all the engaged persons of the smart contract. |