TABLE 3.

Main parasitological and drug-resistance characteristics of P. vivax infections, by treatment outcome at baseline^a

Characteristic	ACPR		All recurrences			IBD homologous recurrences
	n	Median (IQR) or no. (%)	n	Median (IQR) or no. (%)	Pb	n	Median (IQR) or no. (%)	Pb
Age	49	25 (20–28)	18	18 (16–21)	0.002	8	19 (18–26)	0.103
CQ dose uptake (mg/kg)	47	24.5 (24.0–25.0)	18	24.6 (24.0–25.5)	0.787	8	24.1 (23.0–25.2)	0.545
Parasitological indicators
Parasitemia at day 0 (LM) (parasites/μl)c	49	5,731.8 (4,210.8–7,802.2)	16	6,762.3 (3,811.7–11,997.0)	0.621	8	12,415 (5,792–14,031)	0.142
PCT (h)	48	47.5 (36.2–59.8)	18	54.2 (48.4–62.0)	0.035	8	60.3 (48.6–73.0)	0.019
PC1/2 (h)	46	4.0 (3.4–5.2)	17	4.8 (4.0–5.5)	0.078	8	4.8 (4.2–5.7)	0.125
Positive at day 2 by:
LM	49	16 (32.7)	18	9 (50)	0.193	8	5 (62.5)	0.13
qPCR	46	19 (41.3)	17	9 (52.3)	0.409	8	5 (62.5)	0.443
Positive at day 3 by:
LM	49	2 (4.0)	17	0 (0)	1.000	8	0 (0)	1.000
qPCR	48	7 (14.6)	17	2 (11.8)	1.000	8	1 (12.5)	1.000
Ex vivo drug sensitivity (day 0)
CQ IC50 (nM)c	13	41.5 (24.4–80.4)	8	38.7 (10.4–108.0)	0.856	5	51.3 (24.3–108.2)	0.301
Candidate molecular markers of CQR (day 0)
pvmdr1 SNP
Y976F	47	34 (72.3)	16	10 (62.5)	0.459	6	3 (50.0)	0.351
F1076L	47	45 (96)	16	15 (93.8)	1.000	6	6 (100)	1.000
pvcrt expression (R)	33	0.09 (0.05–0.22)	16	0.20 (0.15–0.56)	0.002	8	0.17 (0.14–0.38)	0.038
pvmdr1 expression (R)	35	0.11 (0.04–0.28)	16	0.17 (0.06–0.47)	0.138	8	0.09 (0.05–0.35)	0.779

^aACPR, adequate clinical and parasitological response; LM, light microscopy; CQR, chloroquine resistance; R, relative expression ratio.

^bP values correspond to results of a Wilcoxon rank sum test (for continuous variables) and a chi-square test (for proportions).

^cGeometric mean (95% CI).