FIG 2.

NOD2 silencing suppresses ZIKV multiplication and enhances the expression of interferon-stimulated and inflammasome genes. HFAs were transfected with NOD2-specific or nonsilencing siRNAs for 24 h and then infected with ZIKV (MOI = 0.05). (A) Cell culture medium or total cellular RNA was harvested after 24 and 48 h for plaque assays or qRT-PCR at 48 h postinfection. (B to D) Relative levels of viral genome (B); the interferon-stimulated genes Viperin, 2′-5′-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1), and myxovirus resistance protein 2 (MX2) (C); as well as the inflammasome genes gasdermin D (GSDMD) and caspase 1 (Casp1) (D). Values are expressed as the means from three independent experiments. Error bars represent standard errors of the means. *, P < 0.05; ***, P < 0.001 (by Student’s t test).