TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients with bloodstream infections due to Gram-negative bacilli by treatment group
| Parametera | Value for study populationb |
Pc | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n = 542) | Combination therapy (n = 304 [56%]) |
Monotherapy (n = 238 [44%]) | ||
| No. (%) at center | ||||
| Bellvitge University Hospital | 216 (39.8) | 168 (77.8) | 48 (22.2) | <0.001 |
| Hospital Clínic I Provincial de Barcelona | 128 (23.6) | 73 (57) | 55 (43) | 0.885 |
| Hacettepe University School of Medicine | 82 (15.1) | 1 (1.2) | 81 (98.8) | <0.001 |
| Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón | 53 (9.8) | 39 (73.6) | 14 (26.4) | 0.011 |
| Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas | 32 (5.9) | 9 (28.1) | 23 (71.9) | 0.002 |
| Ramón y Cajal Hospital | 31 (5.7) | 14 (45.2) | 17 (54.8) | 0.282 |
| Age (yr) (mean ± SD) | 53.7 ± 16.3 | 54.2 ± 15.5 | 53.1 ± 17.3 | 0.48 |
| No. (%) of males | 311 (57.4) | 179 (58.9) | 132 (55.5) | 0.48 |
| No. (%) with: | ||||
| Comorbiditiesd | 121 (22.4) | 42 (13.8) | 79 (33.3) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 41 (7.6) | 15 (4.9) | 26 (10.9) | 0.01 |
| Acute leukemia | 251 (46.3) | 133 (43.8) | 118 (49.6) | 0.20 |
| HSCT | 160 (29.5) | 87 (28.6) | 73 (30.7) | 0.67 |
| Previous corticosteroid treatment (1 mo) | 252 (46.7) | 127 (41.9) | 125 (52.7) | 0.02 |
| Duration of previous neutropenia (days) (median [IQR]) | 4 [2–10] | 4 [2–9] | 5 [3–11.5] | 0.001 |
| No. (%) with: | ||||
| Profound neutropenia at presentation (<100 neutrophils/mm3) | 429 (80.3) | 261 (85.9) | 168 (73) | <0.001 |
| Previous antibiotic treatment (1 mo) | 268 (49.6) | 145 (47.7) | 123 (52.1) | 0.35 |
| Quinolone prophylaxis | 165 (30.5) | 74 (24.3) | 91 (38.4) | 0.001 |
| Previous BSI episode | 39 (7.2) | 18 (5.9) | 21 (8.8) | 0.3 |
| Previous hospital admission (1 mo) | 384 (71.6) | 230 (76.2) | 154 (65.8) | 0.01 |
| Kidney failure at presentation (GFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2) | 88 (16.3) | 46 (15.2) | 42 (17.7) | 0.49 |
| Concomitant nephrotoxic treatment | 90 (16.6) | 50 (16.4) | 40 (16.8) | 1 |
| Nosocomial acquisition | 353 (65.4) | 196 (64.5) | 157 (66.5) | 0.68 |
| High-risk BSI | 145 (26.9) | 86 (28.3) | 59 (25.0) | 0.682 |
| High-risk MASCC index score (<21) | 289 (53.3) | 155 (51) | 134 (56.3) | 0.25 |
| Septic shock at presentation | 104 (19.3) | 71 (23.4) | 33 (14) | 0.008 |
| Source of BSI | ||||
| Endogenous | 236 (43.7) | 139 (45.7) | 97 (41.1) | 0.32 |
| Unknown origin | 75 (13.8) | 41 (13.5) | 34 (14.3) | 0.89 |
| Catheter infection | 53 (9.8) | 21 (6.9) | 32 (13.6) | 0.015 |
| Urinary tract infection | 33 (6.11) | 17 (5.6) | 16 (6.8) | 0.7 |
| Respiratory tract infection | 32 (5.9) | 18 (5.9) | 14 (5.9) | 1 |
| Neutropenic enterocolitis | 28 (5.2) | 20 (6.6) | 8 (3.4) | 0.14 |
| Perianal infection | 24 (4.4) | 15 (4.9) | 9 (3.8) | 0.67 |
| Skin and soft tissue infection | 17 (3.1) | 8 (2.6) | 9 (3.8) | 0.59 |
| Mucositis | 12 (2.2) | 8 (2.6) | 4 (1.7) | 0.66 |
| Other sources | 32 (5.9) | 17 (5.6)e | 15 (6.3)f | 0.87 |
Abbreviations: BSI, bloodstream infection; HSCT, hematopoietic stem cell transplant; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; MASCC, Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer.
Qualitative data are expressed as number (percent), unless otherwise indicated. Quantitative data are expressed as means ± standard deviation (SD) or median and interquartile range (IQR, 25th to 75th percentiles), as appropriate.
Qualitative data were tested by the chi-square test. Quantitative data expressed as means ± SD were tested by the t test, and quantitative data expressed as medians and IQR were tested by the Kruskal-Wallis test.
Comorbidities are defined as the presence of one or more of the following diseases: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart or hepatic disease, diabetes mellitus, renal failure, and cerebrovascular disease.
Includes peritonitis (n = 1), cholangitis (n = 1), other abdominal infections (n = 11), and sinusitis (n = 4).
Includes peritonitis (n = 2), cholangitis (n = 1), other abdominal infections (n = 11), and odontogenic infection (n = 1).