Fig. 2. LD01 treatment enhances macrophage function in septic mice.

Mice were subjected to CLP and treated with vehicle (0.1 M sodium acetate solution; CLP only) or 200 μg of LD01 at 3 and 9 h post-CLP. A, At 24 h post-CLP septic peritoneal macrophages from each group were collected and fed fluorescently-conjugated E coli and quantitative analysis of phagocytosis was measured by flow cytometry. The percentage of cells containing fluorescent pHrodo TM-conjugated E coli BioParticles (considered positive) was determined and used as an index of the ‘‘Phagocytic capacity of F4/80⁺ macrophages’’ as described in the Methods. Data were pooled from four independent studies (n = 9–10). Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. The difference between sham and CLP-only mice was significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons (^#P < 0.01). Difference between CLP-only and LD01-treated mice was not significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons (P < 0.20) though it was significant before adjustment (P < 0.05). B to D, Levels of cytokines and chemokines in clarified peritoneal fluid at 24 h post-CLP were measured using commercially available ELISA kits. Data were pooled from two independent studies (n = 6). Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. Difference between CLP-only and LD01-treated mice in (B) was not significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons (P < 0.10) though it was significant before adjustment (P < 0.05). CLP indicates cecal-ligation and puncture; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunoassay.