Fig. 2.

MSCs targeting ZKSCAN3, YAP, and DGCR8 genes were obtained by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing technology. Then, gene therapy was used to introduce these “stem cell anti-aging factors” to treat osteoarthritis, and studies have proved its feasibility. To treat osteoporosis, researchers have used a third-generation adenovirus vector (helper-dependent adenovirus vector). The two single nucleotides in exon three of the FOXO3 gene in human embryonic stem cells were replaced by gene editing technology, thus inhibiting the phosphorylation and degradation of FOXO3 protein in cells, promoting the aggregation of FOXO3 in the nucleus, and activating the expression of downstream target genes. It can effectively delay cell senescence, resist external stress, and enhance cardiovascular homeostasis