Table 3.

ECG characteristics of COVID-19 patients with and without QPD.

ECG characteristics	All patients	Without QPD	With QPD	P value
No. of patients, n (%)	395 (100.0%)	101 (25.6%)	294 (74.4%)	NA
ECG Characteristics
Heart rate, median (IQR), bpm	82 (72–91)	86 (75–100)	80 (71–88)	<.001
QT, median (IQR), ms	360 (340–400)	360 (330–400)	360 (340–400)	.550
QTc, median (IQR), ms∗	413.00 (385.00–438.00)	420.86 (388.19–459.58)	412.10 (384.39–433.77)	.042
QRS, median (IQR), ms	84 (78–92)	84 (76–97)	84 (78–92)	.683
Clinical outcomes
Discharged, n (%)	348 (88.1%)	60 (59.4%)	288 (98.0%)	<.001
Died, n (%)	47 (11.9%)	41 (40.6%)	6 (2.0%)
Disease severity
Non-critical, n (%)	300 (76.0%)	40 (39.6%)	260 (88.4%)	<.001
Critical, n (%)	95 (24.0%)	61 (60.4%)	34 (11.6%)

Data are median (IQR) or n (%).

bpm = beat per minute, COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019, ECG = electrocardiogram, IQR = interquartile range, ms = millisecond, NA = not applicable, QPD = Qingfei Paidu decoction, QTc = corrected QT.

^∗QTc was calculated by Bazett's formula (heart rate < 90 bpm) or Fridericia's formula (heart rate ≥ 90 bpm).