. 2021 Jul 16;16(7):e0254452. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254452

Table 1. Analysis of variance for gas exchange, physiological, enzymatic, agronomic, yield and quality attributes of rice plants cultivated under different levels of drought stress and foliar application of moringa leaf extract (n = 4).

SOV	DF	A	gs	E	Chlo a	Chlo b	Total Chlo	Carotenoids	SOD	CAT	APX
WT	2	206.8^**	73.98^*	0.152^*	21.03^*	3.865^*	42.93^*	1.716^*	83.65^*	1.841^*	1.274^*
FT	4	2.264^*	3.294^*	0.002^*	0.881^*	0.162^*	1.801^*	0.072^*	42.64^*	10.58^*	7.272^*
WT×FT	8	0.030^NS	0.018^NS	0.001^NS	0.016^*	0.003^*	0.034^*	0.001^*	7.462^*	1.981^*	1.603^*
SOV	DF	H₂O₂	Plant height	Tillers per plant	Panicle length	Kernels per panicle	1000-kernel weight	Grain yield	Amylose	Amylopectin	Protein
WT	2	499.3^**	4278^*	32.62^*	87.68^*	7009^*	265.1^**	10156^*	184.6^*	184.6^**	87.13^**
FT	4	35.32^*	183.9^*	25.69^*	42.27^*	234.6^*	21.59^*	311.8^*	8.415^*	8.415^*	0.079^NS
WT×FT	8	6.612^*	1.101^NS	0.617^NS	1.074^NS	4.401^NS	1.537^*	25.20^NS	0.479^NS	0.479^NS	0.072^NS

SOV = source of variance, WT = water treatments, FT = foliar treatments, WT × FT = interaction of water and foliar treatments, DF = degree of freedom, A = photosynthesis rate, gs = stomatal conductance to water, E = respiration rate, Chlo = chlorophyll, SOD = superoxide dismutase, CAT = catalase, APX = ascorbate peroxidase,

* = significant at P < 0.05,

** = significant at P < 0.01.