TABLE 1.
Time Trends in Sample Characteristics of NYC PWID National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Participants (2005, 2009, 2012)
| 2005 | 2009 | 2012 | RR (95% CI) for Linear Trend | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N = 500) | (N = 514) | (N = 525) | |||
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
| Age | |||||
| ≥40 | 306 (61.2) | 271 (52.7) | 352 (67.1) | 1.05 (1.001 to 1.10) | 0.045 |
| 18–39 | 194 (38.8) | 243 (47.3) | 173 (33.0) | ||
| Median age in years (interquartile ranges) | 43 (35, 49) | 41 (33, 46) | 45 (37, 51) | S.R. = 0.10* | <0.001 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| Black/African American | 132 (26.4) | 45 (8.8) | 110 (21.0) | 0.87 (0.76 to 1.001) | 0.052 |
| Hispanic | 284 (56.8) | 289 (56.2) | 329 (62.7) | 1.05 (0.9992 to 1.11) | 0.054 |
| White | 81 (16.2) | 177 (34.4) | 80 (15.2) | 0.97 (0.88 to 1.08) | 0.583 |
| Other/multiple | 3 (0.6) | 3 (0.6) | 6 (1.1) | 1.43 (0.67 to 3.05) | 0.349 |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 358 (71.6) | 396 (77.0) | 394 (75.1) | 1.02 (0.99 to 1.06) | 0.221 |
| Female | 139 (27.8) | 113 (22.0) | 128 (24.4) | 0.93 (0.84 to 1.04) | 0.222 |
| Transgender | 3 (0.6) | 5 (1.0) | 3 (0.6) | 0.98 (0.51 to 1.88) | 0.942 |
| Sexual orientation | |||||
| Straight | 420 (85.2) | 445 (86.6) | 455 (86.8) | ||
| Gay/bisexual | 73 (14.8) (N = 493) | 69 (13.4) (N = 514) | 69 (13.2) (N = 524) | 0.94 (0.81 to 1.10) | 0.454 |
| Country of birth | |||||
| United States | 332 (66.4) | 352 (68.5) | 337 (64.2) | 0.98 (0.94 to 1.03) | 0.447 |
| Puerto Rico | 151 (30.2) | 136 (26.5) | 174 (33.1) | 1.05 (0.96 to 1.16) | 0.298 |
| Foreign | 17 (3.4) | 26 (5.1) | 14 (2.7) | 0.90 (0.68 to 1.20) | 0.474 |
| NYC borough of residence | |||||
| Manhattan | 94 (18.8) | 144 (28.0) | 86 (16.4) | 0.94 (0.84 to 1.05) | 0.278 |
| Brooklyn | 188 (37.6) | 134 (26.1) | 198 (37.7) | 1.005 (0.92 to 1.10) | 0.921 |
| Bronx | 173 (34.6) | 165 (32.1) | 184 (35.1) | 1.007 (0.92 to 1.10) | 0.869 |
| Queens | 43 (8.6) | 66 (12.8) | 55 (10.5) | 1.09 (0.92 to 1.29) | 0.321 |
| Staten Island | 2 (0.4) | 5 (1.0) | 2 (0.4) | 0.98 (0.51 to 1.88) | 0.942 |
| Education | |||||
| <High school graduate/General Education Diploma | 243 (48.6) | 209 (40.7) | 255 (48.6) | ||
| ≥High school graduate/General Education Diploma | 257 (51.4) | 305 (59.3) | 270 (51.4) | 0.99 (0.94 to 1.06) | 0.974 |
| Homeless (p12m) | |||||
| Yes | 241 (48.2) | 336 (65.4) | 264 (50.3) | 1.02 (0.96 to 1.08) | 0.562 |
| No | 259 (51.8) | 178 (34.6) | 261 (49.7) | ||
| Household income (p12m) | |||||
| <$10,000 | 323 (64.6) | 310 (60.3) | 383 (73.0) | 1.07 (1.02 to 1.11) | 0.004 |
| ≥$10,000 | 177 (35.4) | 204 (39.7) | 142 (27.1) | ||
| Injected heroin by itself (p12m) | |||||
| Yes | 463 (92.6) | 457 (88.9) | 482 (91.8) | 0.97 (0.98 to 1.01) | 0.660 |
| No | 37 (7.4) | 57 (11.1) | 43 (8.2) | ||
| Injected cocaine by itself (p12m) | |||||
| Yes | 250 (50.0) | 224 (43.6) | 279 (53.1) | 1.03 (0.97 to 1.10) | 0.296 |
| No | 250 (50.0) | 290 (56.4) | 246 (46.9) | ||
| Injected speedball (p12m) | |||||
| Yes | 298 (59.6) | 324 (63.0) | 357 (68.0) | 1.07 (1.02 to 1.12) | 0.005 |
| No | 202 (40.4) | 190 (37.0) | 168 (32.0) | ||
| Injected drugs >1 time a day (p12m) | |||||
| Yes | 279 (55.8) | 391 (76.1) | 241 (45.9) | 0.92 (0.87 to 0.97) | 0.001 |
| No | 221 (44.2) | 123 (23.9) | 284 (54.1) | ||
| Alcohol or drug treatment (p12m) | |||||
| Yes | 290 (58.0) | 251 (48.8) | 279 (53.1) | 0.96 (0.90 to 1.01) | 0.127 |
| No | 210 (42.0) | 263 (51.2) | 246 (46.9) | ||
| HIV status (self-reported) | |||||
| HIV+ | 100 (20.0) | 36 (7.0) | 43 (8.2) | 0.59 (0.49 to 0.72) | <0.001 |
| HIV−/unknown | 400 (80.0) | 478 (93.0) | 482 (91.8) | ||
| HCV status (self-reported) | |||||
| HCV+ | 274 (54.8) | 257 (50.0) | 267 (50.9) | 0.96 (0.91 to 1.02) | 0.212 |
| HCV−/unknown | 226 (45.2) | 257 (50.0) | 258 (49.1) | ||
| Median number of PWID social network members (interquartile ranges) | 10 (6, 24) | 15 (7, 30) | 27 (13, 50) | S.R. = 0.28* | <0.001 |
*
S.R. = Spearman’s Rho.
p12m = past 12 months.