Table 2.

Brain functional and structural abnormalities in familial LD patients and their unaffected relatives.

Brain Region	Cluster Peak Coordinates x y z	Cluster Size mm3	Cluster Peak Z-value
Familial LD and Unaffected Relatives vs. Healthy Controls
Functional activity during speech production
L middle frontal gyrus extending to inferior frontal gyrus	−37, 45, −4	2401	4.2
R inferior frontal gyrus extending to insula	47, 17, −8	1286	4.4
L anterior cingulate cortex	−12, 31, 20	1243	4.0
L caudate nucleus	−12, 17, 13	858	3.9
Gray matter volume
L middle frontal gyrus	−37, 52, 3	643	3.9
L inferior frontal gyrus extending to premotor cortex	−40, 3, 34	643	3.7
R parietal operculum	40, −18, 17	643	4.0
L thalamus (motor, premotor and parietal subdivisions)	−23, −18, 6	1029	−4.6
Familial LD vs. Unaffected Relatives
Functional activity during speech production
R/L supplementary motor area (area 6)	9, −11, 62	1243	4.9
R superior parietal lobule	19, −50, 48	1329	4.1
L/R caudate nucleus	−9, 13, −4	2315	4.4
R superior and middle temporal gyrus	47, −25, −1	1115	−4.4
Gray matter volume
R cerebellum (lobules VII/VIII)	26, −39, −39	1201	−4.0

L – left; R – right