TABLE 1.
Demographics of study participants
| Demographics | Essential Tremor of Voice (n = 18) | Dystonic Tremor of Voice (n = 25) | Laryngeal Dystonia (n = 25) | Healthy Controls (n = 25) | Corrected P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (female/male) | 15/3 | 22/3 | 22/3 | 19/6 | ≥0.9 |
| Age, yr (mean ± SD) | 62.5 ±12.2 | 60.2 ± 10.8 | 53.7 ± 9.5 | 54.1 ± 8.5 | ≥0.3 |
| Age at onset, yr (mean ± SD) | 51.7 ±17.1 | 46.7 ± 13.1 | 40.2 ±11.2 | N/A | ≥0.3 |
| Duration of disease, yr (mean ± SD) | 10.9 ±9.4 | 13.5 ± 11.3 | 13.5 ±7.7 | N/A | ≥0.4 |
| Tremor severity (mean ± SD) | 61.3 ±20.8 | 50.1 ± 20.5 | N/A | N/A | 0.12 |
| Dystonia subtype | N/A | 17 AD/VT 8 AB/VT |
17 AD/8 AB | N/A | N/A |
| Botulinum toxin treatment (n) | 2 of 18 | 10 of 25 | 17 of 25 | N/A | N/A |
| Duration, yr (mean ± SD) | 19.5 ±20.5 | 9.5 ± 7.0 | 8.9 ± 7.2 | N/A | ≥0.17 |
| Time since last injection, mo (mean ± SD) | 4.5 ± 0.7 | 17.1 ±26.0 | 6.0 ± 2.7 | N/A | ≥0.15 |
| Centrally acting medications or agents | None | N/A | |||
| Handedness (Edinburgh Inventory) | Right | N/A | |||
| Cognitive status (MMSE/MoCA) | >27/20 | N/A | |||
| Genetic status | No mutations for TOR1A/DYT1, TUBB4A/DYT4, THAP1/DYT6, or GNAL/DYT25 | N/A | |||
Statistical comparisons were made between each patient group and control subjects, as well as between patient groups using two-sample t test for continuous variables and the chi-square test for categorical variables, corrected for multiple comparisons.
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; N/A, not applicable; AD, adductor; AB, abductor; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment.