Table 1.

Perinatal and neonatal characteristics and educational attainment and medical history of parents of women born very or moderately preterm (VMPT), late preterm (LPT), or full term (controls). Data are presented as mean ± s.d. or n (%).

	VMPT, n = 74		LPT, n = 127		Controls, n = 184
	Values	P-valuea	Values	P-valuea
Gestational age, weeks	31.9 ± 2.0	<0.001	35.8 ± 0.8	<0.001	40.0 ± 1.3
Birth weight, g	1680 ± 450	<0.001	2646 ± 554	<0.001	3494 ± 456
Birth weight SDS	−1.1 ± 1.3	<0.001	−0.6 ± 1.4	<0.001	0.0 ± 1.0
Small for gestational age	17 (23.0%)	<0.001	17 (13.4%)	<0.001	4 (2.2%)
Multiple pregnancy	17 (23.0%)	<0.001	16 (12.6%)	<0.001	4 (2.2%)
Maternal hypertension	11 (14.9%)	0.485	15 (12.1%)	0.024	21 (11.7%)
Maternal pre-eclampsia	23 (31.1%)	<0.001	14 (11.3%)	0.188	8 (4.4%)
Maternal gestational diabetes	2 (3.1%)	0.492	5 (4.2%)	0.342	3 (1.7%)
Maternal smoking during pregnancy	11 (15.7%)	0.855	26 (21.0%)	<0.001	30 (16.7%)
Cesarean section	49 (66.2%)	<0.001	35 (27.6%)	<0.001	20 (10.9%)
Parental education		0.825		0.758
Basic, less, or unknown	6 (8.1%)		8 (6.5%)		13 (7.1%)
Secondary	47 (63.5%)		77 (62.5%)		107 (58.5%)
Lower-level tertiary	8 (10.8%)		17 (13.8%)		23 (12.6%)
Upper-level tertiary	13 (17.6%)		21 (17.1%)		40 (21.9%)
Maternal history of hypertension	14 (18.9%)	0.399	21 (16.5%)	0.655	27 (14.7%)
Maternal history of diabetes	2 (2.7%)	0.431	10 (7.9%)	0.280	9 (4.9%)
Maternal history of MI or stroke	0 (0.0%)	N/A	2 (1.6%)	0.088	0 (0.0%)
Paternal history of hypertension	17 (23.0%)	0.209	17 (13.4%)	0.480	30 (16.3%)
Paternal history of diabetes	4 (5.4%)	0.114	12 (9.4%)	0.486	22 (12.0%)
Paternal history of MI or stroke	3 (4.1%)	0.916	5 (3.9%)	0.859	8 (4.3%)

^aPearson’s chi-square test for categorical variables and Dunnett’s t-tests in many-to-one comparisons for continuous variables, VMPT or LPT vs controls.

MI, myocardial infarction.