Table 2.

Characteristics of women who were born very or moderately preterm, late preterm, and full term (controls). Data are presented as mean ± s.d. or as n (%).

	VMPT, n = 74		LPT, n = 127		Controls, n = 184
	Values	P-valuea	Values	P-valuea
Age mean, years	23.0 ± 1.3	<0.001	23.1 ± 1.2	<0.001	23.5 ± 1.1
Height, cm	163.3 ± 5.1	0.547	164.6 ± 5.7	0.761	163.9 ± 5.9
Weight, kg	62.4 ± 0.26	0.999	62.2 ± 0.19	0.200	60.7 ± 0.20
BMI, kg/m2	22.8 ± 0.24	0.725	22.4 ± 0.18	0.227	22.0 ± 0.19
WC, cm	77.3 ± 0.17	0.065	75.8 ± 0.12	0.014	73.6 ± 0.13
Body fat percentage	28.7 ± 0.30	0.313	27.1 ± 0.27	0.101	25.9 ± 0.31
Fasting insulin, µU/mL	7.66 ± 0.65	0.295	7.37 ± 0.60	0.025	6.74 ± 1.52
120 min insulin µU/mL	30.90 ± 0.85	0.071	30.84 ± 0.85	0.040	28.46 ± 1.88
HOMA-IR	0.99 ± 0.63	0.507	0.96 ± 0.60	0.037	0.88 ± 1.50
TS, nmol/L	1.44 ± 1.48	0.857	1.35 ± 1.44	0.864	1.00 ± 1.00
Elevated TS levelsb	6 (8.8%)	0.128	3 (2.5%)	0.495	7 (4.0%)
SHBG, nmol/L	112.89 ± (2.32)	0.044	142.40 ± (2.38)	0.107	149.05 ± 2.39
Free androgen index	1.32 ± 2.57	0.313	1.15 ± 2.54	0.414	0.87 ± 2.74
Physical activity, METh/wk*	23.5 ± 12.7	0.145	24.9 ± 14.5	0.676	24.3 ± 11.9
Daily smoking	23 (31.1%)	0.046	26 (20.5%)	0.844	36 (19.6%)
Hormonal contraception	24 (32.4%)	0.244	45 (35.4%)	0.394	74 (40.2%)
Hirsutism	11 (15.7%)	0.386	20 (16.7%)	0.190	20 (11.4%)
Irregular menstrual cycle	34 (49.3%)	0.383	50 (42.7%)	0.587	68 (39.5%)
Menstrual cycle >35 days	11 (16.2%)	0.407	13 (11.2%)	0.351	17 (10.1%)
PCOSc	4 (5.4%)	0.530	16 (12.6%)	0.143	14 (7.6%)

^aPearson’s chi-square test for categorical variables and Dunnett’s t-test in many-to-one comparisons for continuous variables, VMPT or LPT vs controls; ^bTestosterone > 2.4 nmol/L; ^cPCOS according to biochemical and clinical signs; ^*Self reported leisure time physical activity.

HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; LPT, late preterm; METh, metabolic equivalent task hours; PCOS polycystic ovary syndrome; SHBG, sex hormone binding globulin; VMPT very or moderately preterm; WC, waist circumference; TS, testosterone.