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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jul 16.
Published in final edited form as: J Autoimmun. 2017 Jun 4;82:85–95. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.05.007

Fig. 6. The direct effect of gut microbiota on immune cells.

Fig. 6.

Gut bacteria from the large intestine of Nod2−/−NOD or Nod2+/+NOD mice were harvested and used to stimulate splenocytes (5 × 106/ml) from Nod2−/−NOD or Nod2+/+NOD mice with or without heat-inactivated gut bacteria (108 cfu) for 14 h. The expression of IFN-γ in CD8+ T-cells (A) and IL17A (B) in CD4+ T-cells was assessed by intracellular cytokine staining. Representative FACS plots are shown on the top. The results are pooled from three independent experiments. Student’s t-test was used for statistical analysis. *P < 0.05; **, P < 0.001; ***, P < 0.0001. * Data comparison was between cells incubated with no bacteria (control) and either Nod2−/−NOD or Nod2+/+NOD derived bacteria (A and B) or between Nod2−/−NOD or Nod2+/+NOD derived bacteria stimulation (A).