Table 2.
Descriptive statistics of demographics, clinical characteristics, and surgical outcomes of cannabis users compared to non-cannabis users pre-and post-surgery
| Cannabis users (n = 79) |
Non-cannabis users (n = 1256) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 3 | Month 6 | Baseline | Month 3 | Month 6 | |
| Mean age in years (SD) | 52.4 (13.2)a | -- | -- | 59.1 (13.4) | -- | -- |
| No. of males (%) | 42 (53.2)a | -- | -- | 420 (33.4) | -- | -- |
| No. white (%) | 65 (87.8) | -- | -- | 1095 (90.0) | -- | -- |
| No. with a disability (%) | 18 (24.7)a | -- | -- | 147 (12.0) | -- | -- |
| No. with a college degree (%) | 14 (18.7)a | -- | -- | 598 (48.9) | -- | -- |
| No. living with a partner (%) | 50 (66.7) | -- | -- | 928 (76.0) | -- | -- |
| Mean BPI pain severity score (SD) | 5.0 (2.8)a | 3.7 (3.0)b | 3.6 (2.7)c | 3.6 (2.9) | 2.6 (2.5) | 2.7 (2.6) |
| Mean Centralized pain score (SD) | 7.9 (5.4)a | 5.9 (6.0)b | 5.5 (6.0)c | 5.3 (4.1) | 3.5 (3.7) | 3.7 (4.0) |
| Mean Functional impairment score (SD) | 12.0 (4.8)a | 9.1 (4.6)b | 9.0 (4.8)c | 10.0 (4.9) | 7.6 (4.3) | 7.3 (4.1) |
| Mean PROMIS Fatigue score (SD) | 11.0 (4.5)a | -- | 9.3 (4.4)c | 9.3 (4.3) | -- | 7.9 (3.8) |
| Mean PROMIS Sleep Disturbance score (SD) | 27.0 (6.9)a | -- | 22.0 (8.2)c | 23.0 (7.4) | -- | 20.0 (7.0) |
| Mean PROMIS Anxiety score (SD) | 8.2 (3.8)a | 6.5 (3.1)b | 6.4 (3.2)c | 6.4 (3.0) | 5.3 (2.4) | 5.2 (2.3) |
| Mean PROMIS Depression score (SD) | 7.3 (4.1)a | 5.9 (3.2)b | 6.0 (3.6)c | 5.7 (2.7) | 5.0 (2.2) | 4.9 (2.2) |
| No. using opioids (%) | 22 (27.9)a | 15 (21.4)b | 9 (17.7)c | 220 (17.5) | 115 (10.1) | 100 (10.0) |
| Mean average daily OME value (SD) | 17.7 (22.8) | 18.2 (19.4) | 16.6 (11.7) | 21.1 (35.2) | 20.4 (23.9) | 17.5 (20.5) |
| No. using benzodiazepines (%) | 15 (19.0)a | -- | -- | 115 (9.2) | -- | -- |
| No. with PGIC score of 2 or 3 (%) | -- | 50 (80.7) | 44 (84.6) | -- | 834 (81.5) | 800 (80.1) |
| Mean BPI surgical site pain score (SD) | 5.5 (3.0)a | 1.5 (2.3)b | 0.64 (1.6) | 4.2 (3.3) | 0.94 (1.7) | 0.73 (1.6) |
Note. Independent samples t-tests were used to test the between group differences for continuous measures. Opioid use, benzodiazepine use, and PGIC differences were assessed with chi-square tests. Observed means (standard deviations) and frequencies (percentages) are presented. P-values calculated from tests using multiple imputation to handle missing data. Superscripts denote statistical significance at p < 0.05 or lower for the following tests:
day of surgery differences between cannabis users and non-users
Month 3 differences between cannabis users and non-users
Month 6 differences between cannabis users and non-users.