. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 May 1.

Published in final edited form as: Dev Psychol. 2021 May;57(5):824–836. doi: 10.1037/dev0001169

Table 3.

Hierarchical regression of type of abuse/neglect exposure predicting adulthood total psychopathology internalizing behaviors, and externalizing behaviors.

	Total Psychopathology						Internalizing Behaviors						Externalizing Behaviors

Variable	B	SE	β	t	p	R²	B	SE	β	t	p	R²	B	SE	β	t	p	R²

Step 1
Neglect	3.03	1.75	0.16	1.74	0.09	0.09	2.36	1.82	0.12	1.30	0.20	0.06	2.83	1.69	0.15	1.68	0.10	0.12
Physical Abuse	2.61	1.73	0.14	1.51	0.13		2.25	1.80	0.12	1.25	0.21		3.46	1.67	0.19	2.07	0.04
Sexual Abuse	2.88	1.85	0.13	1.56	0.12		2.72	1.92	0.12	1.41	0.16		3.43	1.79	0.16	1.92	0.06
Step 2
Neglect	3.14	1.70	0.16	1.85	0.07	0.24	2.73	1.81	0.14	1.51	0.13	0.19	2.64	1.65	0.14	1.60	0.11	0.26
Physical Abuse	1.50	1.64	0.08	0.92	0.36		1.34	1.74	0.07	0.77	0.44		2.39	1.60	0.13	1.50	0.14
Sexual Abuse	1.59	1.80	0.07	0.89	0.39		1.53	1.91	0.07	0.80	0.42		2.31	1.75	0.11	1.32	0.19
Psychopathology at 16	0.40	0.08	0.39	4.92	< 0.01		0.35	0.09	0.34	4.08	< 0.01		0.36	0.08	0.36	4.53	< 0.01
Child Biological Sex	−2.82	1.42	−0.16	−1.99	0.05		−1.85	1.51	−0.10	−1.23	0.22		−3.07	1.38	−0.18	−2.22	0.03
Child Ethnicity	−0.02	1.46	−0.00	−0.01	0.99		0.52	1.56	0.03	0.33	0.74		−0.26	1.43	−0.01	−0.18	0.86
Maternal Education	0.03	0.50	0.01	0.06	0.95		0.62	0.53	0.11	1.17	0.25		−0.45	0.49	−0.08	−0.92	0.36
Caregiver SES	0.02	0.09	0.02	0.26	0.79		−0.07	0.10	−0.07	−0.73	0.47		0.08	0.09	0.08	0.92	0.36

Note. N = 140. Dependent variable = mean composite of psychopathology, internalizing, and externalizing behaviors at 23, 26, 32, and 39 years. Neglect = ever neglected by any perpetrator from birth to 17.5 years; Physical Abuse = ever physically abused by any perpetrator from birth to 17.5 years; Sexual Abuse = ever sexually abused by any perpetrator from birth to 17.5 years. Child Biological Sex = child’s biological sex at birth coded as 1 = female, 0 = male; Child Ethnicity = child’s ethnicity coded as 1 = White/non-Hispanic, 0 = non-White; Maternal Education = maternal education from 3 months before birth to 16 years; Caregiver SES = caregiver occupational prestige from 42 months to 16 years.