FIG 4.

Serum insulin levels of cold-stress-induced, high-fat diet-fed mice treated with LAB. Serum collection from NDS groups (A) and HFDS groups (B) was performed at 0, 6, and 12 weeks. Values represent the mean ± SEM; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001 for comparisons between NDS or HFDS and respective LAB administration groups; ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01, and ^###P < 0.001 for comparisons between ND or HFD groups and NDS or HFDS groups, respectively (Student’s t test). Symbols: ×, ND (n = 3) or HFD (n = 3); ○, NDS (n = 5) or HFDS (n = 5); ■, BNR17 (10⁸, n = 5); ▴, LRCC5310 (10⁸, n = 5); ▾, LRCC5314 (10⁸, n = 5).