Table 3.

Frequency of comorbidities in studies of geographically different cohorts.

Comorbidities	Present study (% before diagnosis/% total)	Petrossians et al. (Europe) (5)	Matsubayashi et al. (Japan) (37)	AlMalki et al. (Saudi Arabia) (36)
Hypertension (%)	46.2/55.5	28.8	42.9	50
Diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance (%)	23.2/41.8	29.6	37.1	51.7
Hyperlipidemia, (%)	24.45/52.5	–	26.7	–
Myocardial hypertrophy (%)	3.2/26.8	15.5	–	–
Sleep apnea (%)	18.9/32.4	25.5	17.8	47.8
Colonic polyps (%)	10.1/23.6	13	–	22.7
Thyroid nodules or goiter (%)	5.56/30.6	34.0	–	37.5

Comorbidity data were collected as follows: present study – OHSU and Parhon combined; chart review; % before diagnosis/% total; (5) Petrossians et al. – international database; % at diagnosis; (29) Matsubayashi et al. – diagnostic codes in national database; % before diagnosis; (30) AlMalki et al. – chart review; % total before and after diagnosis.