Effect of PFOS and CR on glucose homeostasis. A, Glucose tolerance test (GTT) performed after 3 of CR and PFOS treatment. CR significantly improved glucose clearance at 0.5 and 1 h compared with AL feeding, which did not occur in mice that underwent CR with PFOS administration. B, Total glucose load was plotted as an area under the curve (AUC). PFOS significantly increased total glucose load in CR groups. C, Insulin tolerance test (ITT) performed after 4 weeks of CR and PFOS treatment. D, Glucose load with ITT was not different between groups until 2.5 h where the two PFOS groups had significantly elevated glucose levels compared with controls. E, Hepatic mRNA data from the conclusion of the study. Irs-1 and Glut2 expression were decreased in mice that underwent CR and PFOS administration. Glut2 expression was decreased in AL mice administered PFOS compared with the AL fed vehicle controls. Asterisks (*) represent a statistical difference in treatments compared with controls.