TABLE 5.
Associations between timing of paracetamol exposure and temperamental traits in preschool-aged children
| Temperamenta | Total n | Mean T score (SD) | Unadjusted β (95% CI) | Adjusted β (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emotionality | |||||
| Paracetamol use in 1st trimester | No | 23 828 | 49.8 (9.9) | 0.00 (Reference) | 0.00 (Reference) |
| Yes | 8430 | 50.3 (10.0) | 0.42 (0.18, 0.67) | 0.16 (−0.12, 0.44) | |
| Paracetamol use in 2nd/3rd trimesterb | No | 17 416 | 49.8 (10.0) | 0.00 (Reference) | 0.00 (Reference) |
| Yes | 6412 | 50.1 (9.9) | 0.30 (0.02, 0.59) | 0.21 (−0.12, 0.55) | |
| Activity | |||||
| Paracetamol use in 1st trimester | No | 24 085 | 49.9 (10.0) | 0.00 (Reference) | 0.00 (Reference) |
| Yes | 8502 | 49.9 (10.0) | −0.05 (−0.29, 0.20) | −0.03 (−0.32, 0.26) | |
| Paracetamol use in 2nd/3rd trimesterb | No | 17 612 | 49.9 (10.0) | 0.00 (Reference) | 0.00 (Reference) |
| Yes | 6473 | 50.0 (10.0) | 0.11 (−0.16, 0.40) | −0.02 (−0.36, 0.32) | |
| Sociability | |||||
| Paracetamol use in 1st trimester | No | 24 066 | 50.0 (9.9) | 0.00 (Reference) | 0.00 (Reference) |
| Yes | 8521 | 50.2 (9.9) | 0.17 (−0.07, 0.41) | 0.21 (−0.07, 0.49) | |
| Paracetamol use in 2nd/3rd trimesterb | No | 17 604 | 49.9 (9.9) | 0.00 (Reference) | 0.00 (Reference) |
| Yes | 6462 | 50.0 (9.9) | 0.02 (−0.25, 0.31) | 0.00 (−0.33, 0.35) | |
| Shyness | |||||
| Paracetamol use in 1st trimester | No | 23 952 | 50.0 (9.9) | 0.00 (Reference) | 0.00 (Reference) |
| Yes | 8445 | 50.0 (10.0) | −0.05 (−0.30, 0.20) | −0.17 (−0.45, 0.11) | |
| Paracetamol use in 2nd/3rd trimesterb | No | 17 512 | 50.0 (10.0) | 0.00 (Reference) | 0.00 (Reference) |
| Yes | 6441 | 49.9 (9.8) | −0.23 (−0.51, 0.05) | −0.32 (−0.66, 0.02) | |
Note: Adjusted estimates are weighted with combined weights (IPTW × IPCW).
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; CI, confidence interval.
a
Temperamental traits were assessed by the EAS.
b
Paracetamol use in 2nd and/or 3rd trimester, but not in 1st trimester.