Table 1. . Research studies relevant to the development of 3D-printed clinical applications for COVID-19.
| Medical device | Author | Application | Materials | 3D-technology fabrication process | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N95 mask | Swennen et al. | N95 mask-respirator mask | Two reusable 3D-printed components (a face mask and a filter membrane support) and two disposable components (a head fixation band and a filter membrane) | Additive manufacturing, SLS 3D printer | [30] |
| McAvoy et al. | N95 filtering facepiece 51 respirators (FFRs or ‘masks’) | Halyard H600 sterilization wrap | Additive manufacturing, SLS 3D printer | [31] | |
| Moore-Imbrie et al. | 3D-printed mask adaptor | Silicone, multipurpose polyurethane resins | A carbon M2 3D printer | [32] | |
| 3D-printed face shield | Wesemann et al. | 3D-printed face protective shield | PET | Fused deposition modeling printer | [33] |
| Sapoval et al. | 3D-printed face protective shield | PVC sheet | Fused deposition modeling (material extrusion technique) | [34] | |
| Lemarteleur et al. | 3D-printed face protective shield | Polylactic acid, polyethylene terephthalate glycol or acrylonitrile butadiene styrene | Fused deposition modeling (material extrusion technique) | [35] | |
| COVID-19 specimen collection kit | Sananès et al. | NP swabs | Thermoplastic polymer, ABS | PolyJet technology, fused deposition modeling | [36] |
| Ford et al. | NP swabs | Surgical guide version 1 resin | Stereolithography | [37] | |
| Oland et al. | Medical lattice swab | Resin (the “lattice swab”) | Carbon digital light synthesis printing | [38] | |
| Oland et al. | Direct-printed NP swab | Biocompatible photocurable resin (the “origin KXG”) | Additive mass manufacturing | [38] | |
| Arjunan et al. | Auxetic nasopharyngeal swabs | Photopolymer | 3D design only | [39] | |
| Ventilation Equipment | Ayyıldız et al. | Splitter for use of a single ventilator | Acrylic resin | PolyJet technology | [40] |
| Dhanani et al. | AMBU bag | PLA plastic gears | Rapid prototyping technologies (3D printing and 2D cutting) | [41] |
ABS: Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene; AMBU: Artificial manual breathing unit; FFR: Filtering facepiece respirator; NP: Nasopharyngeal; PET: Polyethylene terephthalate; PLA: Polylactic acid; PVC: Polymerizing vinyl chloride; SLS: Selective laser sintering.