Fig. 3.

Risk of living in community with specific measures of deprivation according to race and ethnicity in the United Kingdom. Data points represent the odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. White participants were used as the reference group. Data from the Office for National Statistics (England), the Welsh Government (Wales), the Scottish Government (Scotland), and the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (Northern Ireland) were assigned to each participant based on Lower Layer Super Output Areas. Each domain except for housing categorized based on these cutoffs was associated with an increased risk of personal contact with COVID-19 and testing positive for COVID-19 in Supplementary Fig. 2.