Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants according to race and ethnicity in the United States.
| Race/ethnicitya |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variablesb | White | Black | Hispanic | Asian | More than one/other race |
| No. participants | 210961 | 8140 | 19277 | 11596 | 8814 |
| Age, years, median [IQR] | 55.0 [37.0, 67.0] | 52.0 [34.0, 63.0] | 45.0 [32.0, 62.0] | 41.0 [25.0, 61.0] | 39.0 [23.0, 57.0] |
| < 25, % | 10.4 | 13.8 | 26.1 | 23.1 | 27.0 |
| 25-34, % | 11.0 | 11.4 | 20.4 | 16.8 | 16.2 |
| 35-44, % | 14.0 | 13.2 | 18.6 | 15.1 | 16.3 |
| 45-54, % | 14.5 | 17.4 | 13.9 | 13.4 | 12.5 |
| 55-64, % | 18.9 | 21.2 | 10.2 | 9.2 | 10.8 |
| ≥ 65, % | 31.1 | 23.0 | 10.8 | 22.4 | 17.1 |
| Male sex, % | 35.9 | 32.3 | 39.7 | 43.4 | 36.9 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, median [IQR] | 25.8 [22.7, 30.0] |
28.6 [24.5, 33.7] |
26.5 [22.8, 31.3] |
23.6 [21.1, 26.6] |
25.7 [21.9, 30.5] |
| 17-18.4, % | 4.1 | 3.5 | 5.6 | 7.1 | 8.6 |
| 18.5-24.9, % | 39.7 | 23.9 | 34.3 | 56.4 | 37.2 |
| 25-29.9, % | 31.1 | 30.4 | 29.6 | 26.7 | 27.2 |
| ≥ 30, % | 25.1 | 42.2 | 30.6 | 9.8 | 27.0 |
| Comorbidities, % | |||||
| Diabetes | 4.4 | 8.8 | 3.9 | 5.0 | 4.6 |
| Heart disease | 6.1 | 5.3 | 3.4 | 4.4 | 5.0 |
| Lung disease or asthma | 9.5 | 10.2 | 7.3 | 5.7 | 10.8 |
| Kidney disease | 1.5 | 2.1 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.7 |
| Cancer (active or in the past) | 2.1 | 1.6 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.4 |
| Pregnant (females only), % | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.3 |
| Medication usage, % | |||||
| Immunosuppressants | 3.8 | 4.4 | 2.8 | 2.3 | 4.0 |
| Chemo/Immunotherapy | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
| ACE inhibitor | 9.8 | 10.6 | 5.8 | 5.0 | 6.5 |
| Aspirin/NSAIDs | 17.4 | 13.1 | 13.9 | 5.6 | 15.3 |
| Current smoker, % | 5.8 | 10.5 | 8.1 | 3.8 | 9.8 |
| Frontline healthcare worker, % | 8.7 | 10.5 | 9.6 | 9.9 | 8.6 |
| Contact with COVID-19 cases in community, % | |||||
| Suspected | 6.4 | 6.5 | 9.2 | 5.4 | 9.0 |
| Confirmed | 7.1 | 11.9 | 15.1 | 7.6 | 10.1 |
Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; IQR, interquartile range; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
a
“Hispanic” was defined as any race of Hispanic or Latino ancestry. Other racial categories were defined as each respective race not of Hispanic or Latino ancestry.
b
Proportions are presented for categorical variables and were calculated based on the total number of participants with available data. Median (IQR) are presented for continuous variables.