Table 5.
Risk of personal contact with COVID-19 and testing positive for COVID-19 according to community-level deprivation.a
| Personal contact with COVID-19 | COVID-19 infection | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of cases | OR (95% CI)b | No. of cases | OR (95% CI)b | |
| United States | ||||
| Quintile 1 (least deprived) | 6721 | 1 (reference) | 1281 | 1 (reference) |
| Quintile 2 | 6732 | 1.01 (0.97-1.04) | 1556 | 1.20 (1.12-1.30) |
| Quintile 3 | 7199 | 1.07 (1.03-1.10) | 1810 | 1.36 (1.26-1.46) |
| Quintile 4 | 7977 | 1.14 (1.10-1.17) | 2056 | 1.46 (1.36-1.57) |
| Quintile 5 (most deprived) | 9356 | 1.24 (1.20-1.28) | 2654 | 1.71 (1.60-1.84) |
| Ptrend | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| United Kingdom | ||||
| Quintile 1 (least deprived) | 52716 | 1 (reference) | 8274 | 1 (reference) |
| Quintile 2 | 50106 | 1.04 (1.03-1.05) | 7560 | 1.05 (1.01-1.08) |
| Quintile 3 | 52851 | 1.04 (1.02-1.05) | 8582 | 1.04 (1.01-1.07) |
| Quintile 4 | 53159 | 1.06 (1.05-1.08) | 8437 | 1.09 (1.05-1.12) |
| Quintile 5 (most deprived) | 56063 | 1.11 (1.10-1.12) | 9775 | 1.26 (1.22-1.29) |
| Ptrend | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.
a
Community-level deprivation was represented by the Neighborhood Deprivation Index in the United States and the Index of Multiple Deprivation in the United Kingdom. Higher scores represented more deprived neighborhood.
b
Logistic regression model adjusted for age, sex, and date of study entry.