Table 6.
Proportion of excess COVID-19 risk in racial/ethnic minority participants compared to White participants mediated by community-level deprivation in the United States and the United Kingdom.
| Excess risk attributable to community-level deprivationa | Excess risk attributable to personal contact with COVID-19b | Excess risk attributable to occupation as frontline healthcare worker | Excess risk attributable to comorbid conditionsc | Total excess risk mediated by community-level deprivation and personal risk factors | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | |||||
| White | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Black | 16.6% | 6.6% | <1.0% | <1.0% | 24.0% |
| Hispanic | 5.9% | 3.0% | <1.0% | <1.0% | 9.2% |
| United Kingdom | |||||
| White | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Black | 7.7% | 3.8% | 6.5% | <1.0% | 18.2% |
| South Asian | 2.0% | 1.0% | 1.0% | <1.0% | 4.0% |
| Middle Eastern | 2.2% | <1.0% | 1.3% | <1.0% | 4.3% |
a
Community-level deprivation, not otherwise explained by personal risk factors, as represented by the Neighborhood Deprivation Index in the United States and the Index of Multiple Deprivation in the United Kingdom.
b
Personal contact with COVID-19 is represented by a report of contact with individuals in the community with suspected or confirmed COVID-19.
c
Comorbidities include overweight/obesity, diabetes, heart disease, lung disease/asthma, and smoking.