Table 1.
Characteristics of the participants according to degree of intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (N=1,644), ARIC visit 5, 2011-2013
| Total (N=1,644) | Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis in any arteries |
p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| no stenosis (n=1,138) | <50% (n=346) | ≥50% (n=160) | |||
| Age, years (sd) | 76.3 (5.3) | 75.9 (5.2) | 76.6 (5.5) | 78.4 (4.9) | <0.001 |
| Men, % | 687 (41.8) | 443 (38.9) | 173 (50.0) | 71 (44.4) | 0.006 |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | 0.011 | ||||
| Black | 460 (28.0) | 296 (26.0) | 111 (32.1) | 53 (33.1) | |
| Advanced educationa, n (%) | 764 (46.5) | 549 (48.2) | 147 (42.5) | 68 (42.5) | 0.047 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 79 (4.8) | 52 (4.6) | 20 (5.8) | 7 (4.4) | 0.727 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg (sd) | 131 (18.1) | 130 (17) | 132 (20) | 135 (18) | <0.001 |
| Non HDL-cholesterol, mmol/L (sd) | 3.37 (0.97) | 3.33 (0.94) | 3.42 (0.95) | 3.58 (1.13) | 0.002 |
| Antihypertensive medication, n (%) | 1207 (73.4) | 819 (72.0) | 265 (76.6) | 123 (76.9) | 0.063 |
| Lipid-lowering medication, n (%) | 882 (53.6) | 625 (54.9) | 175 (50.6) | 82 (51.3) | 0.170 |
| Diagnosed diabetesb, n (%) | 509 (31.0) | 351 (30.8) | 105 (30.4) | 53 (33.1) | 0.698 |
| Duration of diagnosed diabetes ≥ 20yrs, n (%) | 51 (3.1) | 25 (2.2) | 15 (4.3) | 11 (6.9) | <0.001 |
| Glucose, mmol/L (sd) | 6.28 (1.60) | 6.20 (1.47) | 6.45 (1.83) | 6.45 (1.89) | 0.007 |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol (sd) | 41 (9) | 41 (9) | 42 (10) | 43 (12) | 0.005 |
| % | 5.9 (0.9) | 5.9 (0.8) | 6.0 (0.9) | 6.1 (1.1) | - |
Values were means (standard deviations) unless otherwise specified. P-values were calculated by linearly regressing on the intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis categories treated as ordinal for continuous variables, and by Mantel-Haenszel Chi-Square test for categorical variables. Unit conversion: Non high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, 1mmol/L=38.6mg/dL; Glucose, 1.0 mmol/L=18.0 mg/dL.
a)
Advanced education was defined as the highest grade completed in school was ≥17 years.
b)
Diagnosed diabetes was defined on the basis of self-reported physician diagnosis or current use of anti-diabetic drugs at Visit 5.