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. 2021 Jul 17;43(5):2333–2343. doi: 10.1007/s11357-021-00397-z

Table 3.

Probability of COVID-19 with or without each of the treatments. The columns indicate the frequency of treatment in the sample, the odds-ratio -OR- (multiplication of the risk of COVID-19 when the patient has the treatment, as an a posteriori median and its 95% credibility interval), the estimated frequency of COVID-19 without treatment (median and 95% CI), the estimated frequency of COVID-19 with treatment (median and 95% CI) and the probability that the difference between the two frequencies (“with” and “without”) is positive

Treatment frequency (%) OR Probability of COVID-19 without treatment Probability of COVID-19 with treatment P (with > without)
50% 2.5% 97.5% 50% 2.5% 97.5% 50% 2.5% 97.5%
ARBs 15.08 1.3246 0.5813 2.9804 48.75 40.78 56.6 55.59 36.77 72.95 .7514
ACE inhibitors 21.79 1.6003 0.7931 3.3015 47.27 38.98 55.49 58.88 43.37 73.18 .9029
Diuretics 45.81 1.2192 0.6869 2.1713 47.34 37.79 57.32 52.38 41.66 62.95 .7453
CCB 22.35 0.782 0.3870 1.5718 51.09 42.85 59.34 45.04 30.42 60.15 .2527
Beta-blockers 40.78 1.2799 0.7085 2.3135 47.3 37.85 56.44 53.42 41.99 64.4 .7909
Other antihypertensives 6.15 0.8291 0.2319 2.7007 50.04 42.55 57.65 45.14 19.86 72.32 .3771
Statins 16.76 0.8723 0.3942 1.9177 50.36 42.3 58.21 46.82 29.98 64.35 .3607
AD drugs 3.35 0.9992 0.1939 5.1687 49.73 42.26 57.11 49.84 16.34 83.47 .4995
PD drugs 7.26 1.1984 0.3790 3.745 49.42 41.96 56.84 53.96 27.65 77.8 .6224
Antidepressants 18.44 1.0936 0.5162 2.3259 49.35 41.32 57.38 51.51 34.82 67.86 .5907
Antipsychotics 15.64 0.8583 0.3800 1.9028 50.33 42.5 58.19 46.53 29 64.52 .3558
Anxiolytics 32.4 1.2479 0.6685 2.3451 47.84 39.25 56.73 53.39 40.51 65.93 .7537
Antiepileptics 7.26 0.8517 0.2641 2.6427 49.99 42.36 57.57 45.99 21.34 71.8 .3897
Antibiotics 9.5 1.1494 0.4277 3.1204 49.44 41.91 56.99 52.97 30.14 74.82 .6070
L-Thyroxin 17.88 1.0114 0.4717 2.1574 49.63 41.77 57.78 50.01 33.07 66.63 .5131
PPIs 35.2 0.4381 0.2331 0.8175 56.78 47.6 65.45 36.58 25.5 48.75 .0053*
Paracetamol 33.52 1.5143 0.8160 2.8415 46.33 37.35 55.19 56.56 44.16 68.64 .9083
NSAIDs 1.12 7.3082 0.4612 275.3777 49.36 42.02 56.74 87.53 31.4 99.63 .9155
APT 27.93 1.4209 0.7354 2.7624 47.23 38.92 55.85 55.98 42.17 69.28 .8523
Anticoagulant 42.46 0.8537 0.4746 1.5198 51.46 41.96 60.94 47.41 36.64 58.37 .2981
Insulin 12.29 2.3754 0.9676 6.4591 47.26 39.61 54.99 68.06 47.71 84.39 .9711
OADs 11.73 1.7402 0.7002 4.5356 48.13 40.64 55.84 61.67 40.60 80.04 0.8808
Metformin 8.94 2.3428 0.8298 7.3697 47.90 40.22 55.52 68.34 44.15 86.89 0.9451
DPP-4 inhibitors 3.91 2.5046 0.5412 15.0748 48.95 41.50 56.30 70.62 34.94 93.43 0.8802
Corticosteroids 5.59 0.6605 0.1735 2.3329 50.22 42.84 57.72 40.23 15.12 69.78 .2617
Immunosuppressants 1.12 7.379 0.4876 269.8301 49.65 42.34 57.08 87.85 32.52 99.62 .9185
Potassium 25.14 0.759 0.3840 1.4731 51.44 43.07 59.61 44.51 30.8 58.88 .2074
Others 64.8 0.7022 0.3781 1.2963 55.47 43.05 67.17 46.61 37.49 55.72 .1301

AD, Alzheimer’s disease; ACE, angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors; APT, antiplatelet therapy; ARBs, angiotensin II receptor blockers; CCB, calcium channel blockers; DDP-4 inhibitors, Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; OADs, oral antidiabetic drugs; PD, Parkinson’s disease; PPIs, proton pump inhibitors