Table 1.
Characteristics of patients with isolated traumatic brain injury < 4 h following injury (n = 598)
| iTBI patients n = 598 | |
|---|---|
| Demographics | |
| Age, years; median [IQR] | 52 [30–69] |
| Age ≥ 75; n [%] | 106 [17.7] |
| Male gender; n [%] | 415 [69.4] |
| Injury characteristics | |
| Closed TBI; n [%] | 559 [93.5] |
| AISBrain 2; n [%] | 71 [11.9] |
| AISBrain 3; n [%] | 205 [34.3] |
| AISBrain 4; n [%] | 158 [26.4] |
| AISBrain 5; n [%] | 147 [24.6] |
| AISBrain 6; n [%] | 17 [2.8] |
| Medical presentation at admission (ED) | |
| GCS; median [IQR] | 14 [10–15] |
| SBP; mmHg; median [IQR] | 138 [121–156] |
| Heart rate; bpm; median [IQR] | 80.0 [70.5–95.0] |
| Temperature; °C; median [IQR] | 36.2 [35.8–36.7] |
| Received emergency surgical intervention; n [%] | 119 [19.9] |
| Coagulation status, tests and medications | |
| Coagulopathy; n [%] | 117 [19.6] |
| Haemoglobin; g/dl; median [IQR] | 13.7 [12.6–14.7] |
| INR; median [IQR] | 1.04 [1.00–1.15] |
| aPTT; seconds; median [IQR] | 28.2 [25.1–32.4] |
| Platelets;/nl; median [IQR] | 224 [183–267.5] |
| Fibrinogen; mg/dl; median [IQR] | 274.5 [230–320] |
| Pre-injury antiplatelet/anticoagulant medication; n [%] | 122 [20.4] |
| Outcomes | |
| Death [overall]; n [%] | 98 [16.4] |
| GOS-E [6 months—derived]; median [IQR] | 7 [3–8] |
AIS Abbreviated Injury Scale, aPTT activated partial thromboplastin time, ED Emergency department, GCS Glasgow Coma Scale, GOS-E Glasgow Outcome Score-Extended, INR International Normalized Ratio, SBP Systolic blood pressure