Table 5.
Independent risk factors associated with acute coagulopathy in iTBI of patients without pre-injury antiplatelet and/or anticoagulant therapy (n = 475)
| Regression coefficient | Odds ratio (CI95) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Injury characteristics | |||
| AISBrain severity | |||
| AIS 3; n [%] | 0.21 | 1.02 [0.45-2.31] | 0.961 |
| AIS 4; n [%] | − 0.52 | 0.59 [0.23–1.49] | 0.267 |
| AIS ≥ 5; n [%] | − 0.18 | 0.83 [0.30–2.29] | 0.721 |
| Medical presentation at admission (ED) | |||
| GCS on admission | |||
| GCS ≤ 8; n [%] | 0.86 | 2.37 [1.20–4.69] | 0.013 |
| GCS unknown; n [%] | 0.45 | 1.57 [0.87–2.85] | 0.133 |
| Pupils [uni- or bilateral unreactive]; n [%] | 0.47 | 1.59 [0.78–3.24] | 0.197 |
| Hypoxia; n [%] | 0.74 | 2.09 [0.79–5.57] | 0.138 |
| Hypotension; n [%] | 1.25 | 3.51 [1.25–9.83] | 0.017 |
| Hypothermia; n [%] | 1.06 | 2.89 [1.11–7.58] | 0.030 |
| Laboratory test | |||
| Arrival base excess ≤ − 6; n [%] | 1.13 | 3.11 [1.33–7.26] | 0.009 |
| No arrival base excess ≤ − 6; n [%] | − 0.92 | 0.91 [0.54–1.53] | 0.729 |
| Injuries identified on initial CT scan | |||
| Midline shift; n [%] | 0.50 | 1.65 [0.94–2.90] | 0.830 |
| Basal cistern compression; n [%] | − 0.009 | 0.99 [0.49–2.01] | 0.980 |
| Depressed skull fracture; n [%] | − 0.004 | 0.99 [0.51–1.93] | 0.991 |
| Severe contusion; n [%] | 0.24 | 1.27 [0.56–2.89] | 0.558 |
Systemic secondary insult parameters pre-hospital/at hospital admission were defined as following: hypotension with systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 90 mmHg, hypothermia with temperature < 35 °C and hypoxia with a PaO2 < 8 kPa (60 mmHg) and/or a SaO2 < 90%. In nine cases, data were missing for multivariate analysis
AIS Abbreviated Injury Scale, CT computed tomography, ED Emergency department, GCS Glasgow Coma Scale