a, b NSCLC cells were infected by control lentiviruses (shmock) or those expressing shRNA PTPL1-targeted shRNA, and were further treated with or without TGF-β1. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to measure the expression levels of snail1 and slug (each bar represents the mean ± SEM. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001 vs. the shmock group; ns, non-significant). c The protein levels of phospho-Smad2 (Ser465/467)/Smad3 (Ser423/425), Smad2/3 were determined by Western blot analysis using lysates from A549 infected with shmock or shPTPL1 lentiviruses with or without TGF-β1 treatment (each bar represents the mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05 vs. the shmock group; ns non-significant). d The protein levels of phospho-p38MAPK (Thr180/Tyr182), p38 MAPK were determined by Western blot analysis using lysates from A549 infected with shmock or shPTPL1 lentiviruses with or without TGF-β1 treatment (each bar represents the mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05 vs. the shmock group).