Table 4.

Association between biomarkers and severe leptospirosis by type of organ failure (represented by p-value).

Parameters	Severe coagulopathy	Severe renal failure	Severe liver failure	Severe cardiovascular system failure	Pulmonary hemorrhage	Severe respiratory failurea
Leptospiremia at day 1	0.003*	0.215	0.129	0.009*	0.001*	0.013*
Leptospiremia at day 7	0.421	0.843	0.871	0.692	NA	0.943
MAT titer at day 1	0.127	0.907	0.722	0.286	0.286	0.477
MAT titer at day 7	0.032*	0.803	0.327	0.087	0.034*	0.231
MAT titer at any day	0.121	0.716	0.313	0.084	0.033*	0.227
Plasma NGAL at day 1	0.002*	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
IL-6 at day 1	0.003*	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001

pNGAL plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, IL-6 interleukin 6, MAT microscopic agglutination test, NA not available.

*p-value < 0.05.

^aSevere respiratory failure was defined as requiring mechanical ventilation. The data were expressed as a p-value from the Mann–Whitney U test.