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. 2021 Mar 23;50(9):1659–1669. doi: 10.1007/s13280-021-01522-0

Table 1.

Variable descriptions

Variable names Variable type Descriptions [Abbreviation used in the regressions] Relevant references
Dependent variables
Achievement rate Numerical A continuous variable is the ratio calculated by dividing each actual raised amount by each fundraising goal, which describes what extent can be achieved Frydrych et al. (2014), Mollick (2014), Zheng et al. (2014), Kim et al. (2016),
Project success Categorical A dummy variable indicating whether the campaign was successful. The value is one when the Achievement rate exceeds 1, and zero otherwise Kunz et al. (2017), Anglin et al. (2018)
Independent variables
(Project characteristics)
Campaign type Categorical A categorical variable composes three levels: Reward-based, Charity [Charity], and Government [Government] Kuppuswamy and Bayus (2018)
Project model Categorical A categorical variable includes two levels: All-Or-Nothing [AON] and Keep-It-All [KIA] Cumming et al. (2019)
Reward-type count Numerical Number of reward types in each project [Reward] Kunz et al. (2017)
Picture count Numerical Number of pictures on each project website [Picture] Kunz et al. (2017), Xu (2018)
Video count Numerical Number of videos on each project website [Video] Kunz et al. (2017), Xu (2018)
Word count Numerical Number of characters in the body on each project website [Word] Gafni et al. (2018)
(Campaigners’ experience and marketing strategies)
Experienced campaigners Categorical A dummy variable indicating whether a campaigner had experiences of other campaigns. The value is one when a campaigner had run crowdfunding campaigns on Readyfor before, and zero otherwise Courtney et al. (2016), Hsu (2007)
Facebook share count Numerical Number of shares on Facebook in each project [Facebook] Kromidha and Robson (2016)
Tag count Numerical Number of tags attributed by the platform (e.g. animal) [Tag] Lundberg et al. (2019)
Announce count Numerical Number of announcements by a campaigner in each project to measure updates [Announce] Mollick (2014), Shahab et al. (2019)
Competitor count Numerical The maximum number of other projects running simultaneously [Competitor] Meer (2014, 2017), Moy et al. (2018)