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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Surgery. 2021 Jan 17;170(3):952–961. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2020.12.011

Table 3:

Multivariable models for the effect of year of diagnosis on days of supply and MME/day in the initial opioid prescription

Days of supply MME/day
RRa P-value RRb P-value
Year of diagnosis
2007 1.000 1.000
2008 0.955 0.015 0.984 0.509
2009 0.971 0.129 0.996 0.881
2010 0.990 0.595 0.980 0.407
2011 1.000 0.988 0.994 0.824
2012 0.995 0.804 0.975 0.300
2013 1.042 0.033 0.940 0.015
2014 1.042 0.037 0.956 0.082
2015 1.033 0.106 0.926 0.004
2016 1.014 0.499 0.864 <0.001
2017 1.008 0.703 0.826 <0.001
Age at diagnosis
>= 50y 1.000 1.000
< 10y 0.987 0.520 0.276 <0.001
10 – 20y 0.762 <0.001 0.791 <0.001
20 – 50y 0.817 <0.001 1.009 0.517
Gender
Male 1.000 1.000
Female 0.951 <0.001 0.902 <0.001
Region
South 1.000 1.000
Midwest 0.917 <0.001 1.070 <0.001
Northeast 0.958 0.010 1.007 0.759
West 0.991 0.449 1.155 <0.001
Opioid use in the last 12 months
No 1.000 1.000
Yes 1.465 <0.001 1.155 <0.001
Inpatient stay
No 1.000 1.000
Yes 1.401 <0.001 1.703 <0.001
Burn severity
Less severe 1.000 1.000
More severe 0.960 <0.001 1.103 <0.001
Total Modified Elixhauser
Score 0 1.000 1.000
Score 1 1.024 0.043 0.983 0.275
Score 2 1.109 <0.001 0.993 0.720
Score 3+ 1.289 <0.001 1.108 <0.001
Arthritis (RA/OA)
No 1.000 1.000
Yes 1.332 <0.001 1.120 <0.001
Cancer
No 1.000 1.000
Yes 1.041 0.082 1.312 <0.001
Alcohol Abuse
No 1.000 1.000
Yes 0.861 <0.001 0.839 <0.001
Drug Abuse
No 1.000 1.000
Yes 1.178 <0.001 1.339 <0.001
Depression
No 1.000 1.000
Yes 1.078 <0.001 1.103 <0.001
Tobacco Use/Dependence
No 1.000 1.000
Yes 1.054 <0.001 1.078 <0.001
a

Risk Ratio estimated from Poisson Model, adjusted for all variables

b

Risk Ratio estimated from Log-normal model, adjusted for all variables