Table 3.
Demographic and clinical features of 124 individual patients from 91 case reports.
| Variables | Number of patients | Percentage of patients | Values (mean ± SD) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (n = 124) | |||
| Male | 68 | 54.8% | NA |
| Female | 56 | 45.2% | NA |
| Age (years) (n = 123) | NA | NA | 54.16 ± 21.52 |
| Tu-San-Qi formulation (n = 124) | |||
| Unclear | 39 | 31.4% | NA |
| Decoction | 35 | 28.2% | NA |
| Medicinal liquor | 26 | 21.0% | NA |
| Tea | 8 | 6.5% | NA |
| Powder | 13 | 10.5% | NA |
| Fresh product | 3 | 2.4% | NA |
| Tu-San-Qi ingestion | |||
| Duration (month) | 105 | NA | 3.17 ± 9.17 |
| Dosage regimen (g/day) | 41 | NA | 66.24 ± 180.97 |
| Total dosage (g) | 53 | NA | 2701.30 ± 6425.59 |
| Clinical presentation (n = 122) | |||
| Ascites | 122 | 100% | NA |
| Hepatomegaly | 79 | 64.8% | NA |
| Jaundice | 70 | 57.4% | NA |
| Pleural effusion | 50 | 41.0% | NA |
| Lower limbs edema | 50 | 41.0% | NA |
| Splenomegaly | 41 | 33.6% | NA |
| Upper gastrointestinal bleeding | 7 | 5.7% | NA |
| Laboratory testa (n = 117) | |||
| ALT (U/L) | 102 | 87.2% | 236.59 ± 385.08 |
| AST (U/L) | 99 | 84.6% | 222.15 ± 329.27 |
| Total bilirubin (μmol/L) | 99 | 84.6% | 64.72 ± 91.08 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 87 | 74.4% | 32.25 ± 6.31 |
| GGT (U/L) | 66 | 56.4% | 131.96 ± 138.93 |
| PT (s) | 51 | 43.6% | 17.93 ± 7.51 |
| ALP (U/L) | 50 | 42.7% | 180.50 ± 112.19 |
| Imaging examination (n = 120) | |||
| Ultrasound | 99 | 82.5% | NA |
| Computed tomography | 91 | 75.8% | NA |
| Angiography | 30 | 25.0% | NA |
| Magnetic resonance imaging | 25 | 20.8% | NA |
| Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (n = 120) | 26 | 21.7% | NA |
| Esophageal and gastric varices (n = 26) | 9 | 34.6% | NA |
| Liver biopsy (n = 120) | 45 | 37.5% | NA |
| Therapeutic treatments (n = 108) | |||
| Diuretics | 90 | 83.3% | NA |
| Anticoagulation | 27 | 25.0% | NA |
| Albumin | 25 | 23.1% | NA |
| Paracentesis | 22 | 20.4% | NA |
| Liver transplantation | 4 | 3.7% | NA |
| Outcome (n = 107) | |||
| Survival | 88 | 82.2% | NA |
| Death | 19 | 17.8% | NA |
n number of patients with available information, s second, NA Not applicable.
aALT normal reference range: <40 U/L; AST normal reference range: <35 U/L; ALP normal reference range: 35–100 U/L; GGT normal reference range: <45 U/L; Total bilirubin normal reference range: 5–28 µmol/L; Serum albumin levels normal reference range: 40–55 g/L; PT normal reference range: 10–15 s.