Table 5.
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA)-producing herb used as the substitute for non-PA-producing TCM herbs documented in Chinese pharmacopoeia (2015 edition) (Part A) and PA-producing TCM herbs documented in Chinese pharmacopoeia (2015 edition) (Part B).
| Part A | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TCM herb documented in Chinese pharmacopoeia | Substitute | ||||||
| Chinese name | Latin name | Origin | Used in TCM herbal formulation | PA | Chinese name | Origin | PA identified |
|
紫菀 Zi-Wan |
Asteris Radix et Rhizoma | Roots or rhizome of Aster tataricus L. f. | Ermu Ansou Pills; Zhikebao Tablets; Zhike Juhong Mixture; Zhike Juhong Pills; Qingyu Biwen Pills; Ruyi Dingchuan Tablets; Kechuanshun Pills; Fufang Haqing Tablets; Jizhi Syrup; Runfei Zhisou Pills; Gejie Dingchuan Pills; Gejie Dingchuan Capsules; Juhong Pills; Juhong Granules | Nil |
山紫菀 Shan-Zi-Wan |
Roots or rhizome of Ligularia genus, such as L. fischeri Turcz. (硬紫菀), L. hodgsonii Hook. (川紫菀/鹿蹄橐吾), L. duciformis (C. Winkl.) Hand.-Mazz. (大黄橐吾), etc. | Clivorine, Ligularine, Isoline. |
|
泽兰 Ze-Lan |
Lycopi Herba |
Aerial parts of Lycopus lucidus Tilrcz. var. hirtus Rege |
Yigan Yangyin Huoxue Granules; Sizhi Xiangfu Pills; Qianliexin Gapsules; Qianlietong Tablets; Tiaojing Zhitong Tablets | Nil |
佩兰 Pei-Lan |
Aerial parts of Eupatorium fortunei Turcz. (佩兰) and E. heterophyllum DC. (单叶佩兰) | Amabiline, Supinine, Echinatine, Rinderine, Intermedine, lycopsamine. |
|
鹤虱 He-Shi |
Carpesii Fructus | Fruits of Carpesium abrotanoides L. | Huaji Mixture | Nil |
东北鹤虱 Dong-Bei-He-Shi |
Fruits of Lappula myositis V. Wolf, L. (鹤虱), L. redowskii (Hornem.) Greene. (东北鹤虱) | Lycopsamine, Intermedines, Acetylintermiedine, Acetyllycopsamine, Lasiocarpine. |
| Part B | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese name | Latin name | Origin | Formulations | PA |
|
千里光 Qian-Li-Guang |
Senecionis Scandentis Herba | Aerial parts of Senecio scandens Buch. Ham. Ex D. Don | Qianbai Biyan Tablets | Senecionine, Seneciphylline, Adonifoline |
|
款冬花 Kuan-Dong-Hua |
Farfarae Flos | Flowers of Tussilago farfara L. | Ermu Ansou Pills; Chuanbei Xueli Concentrated Decoction; Zhike Juhong Mixture; Zhike Juhong Pills; Zhisou Huatan Pills; Kechuanshun Pills; Runfei Zhisou Pills; Juhong Pills; Juhong Granules | Senecionine, Senkirkine |
|
佩兰 Pei-Lan |
Eupatorii Herba | Aerial parts of Eupatorium fortunei Turcz. | Nil | Supinine, Rinderine, 7-Acetylrinderine |
|
一点红 Yi-Dian-Hong (included in Appendix) |
Emiliae Herba | Whole plant of Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. | Huahong Tablets; Huahong Granules | Doronine, Senkirkine |
|
紫草 Zi-Cao |
Arnebiae Radix | Roots of Arnebia euchroma (Royle) Johns. | Xiao’er Feireping Capsules; Baishi Pills; Baidianfeng Capsules; Guogong Wine; Fufang Qingdai Pills; Xiaocuo Pills; Xiaomi Suppositories; Tangshang Oil; Kangfu Xiaoyan Suppositories; Zihua Shaoshang Ointments; Zicao Ointment | O7-Angeloylretronecine, O9-Angeloylretronecine |
|
返魂草 Fan-Hun-Cao (included in Appendix) |
Senecionis Cannabifolii Herba | Aerial parts of Senecio cannabifolius Less. | Aotaile Granules | Senecicannabine |