Equal numbers of JIMT-1 and MCF7 cells were inoculated into the right flank of 5- or 6-week-old female athymic NCr-nu/nu mice (n = 5). Administration of 20 mg/mL SP in drinking water was started simultaneously with injection of cells. a, e Tumor sizes were measured weekly, and the rates of tumor growth were compared. b, f Tumors were dissected, and their weights were determined. c, g Representative photographs of the dissected tumors. d, h Tumors were lysed, and the lysates were subjected to Western blotting using the indicated antibodies (n = 3). Data are the mean ± SEM. Significance by Dunnett’s test: *P < 0.05, **P<0.01 vs. the control (no SP treatment). i Proposed mechanism of action of SP in the suppression of tumor growth by inhibiting the proliferation and promoting the apoptosis of breast cancer cells.