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. 2021 Jun 23;35:81. doi: 10.47176/mjiri.35.81

Table 3. Results of the meta-analysis of the overall acceptance rate, willingness to pay, and percentage of positive willingness to pay based on GDP per capita for cervical cancer prevention methods based on participant variables, countries' economic segregation and types of prevention methods.

Variable Variable Level Dimension Statues (95% CI) Heterogeneity Test (95% CI)
Percent Lower limit Upper limit df Q p I 2
Acceptance rate of CCS Participants Girls 48 15 142 1 51.58 0.000 98.061
Others 43 25 73 0 0.00 1.000 0.000
Parents/Mothers 63 53 76 9 69.7 0.000 87.1
Students 62 44 86 4 24.5 0.000 83.7
Women 78 63 96 4 20.9 0.165 80.7
Country by ‎economies High-Income Economies (HIEs) 56 40 77 6 119.9 0.000 94.999
Lower-Middle Income Economies (LMIEs) 83 64 108 2 3.810 0.149 47.511
Low-Income Economies (LIEs) 88 75 103 0 0 1 1
Upper-Middle-Income Economies (UMIEs) 63 55 71 11 40.4 0.000 72.8
Type of prevention methods HPV 60.3 53 69 19 175.4 0.000 89.5
Pap-smear 89.3 69 115 0 0.00 1.000 0.000
screening service 89.5 77 104 0 0.25 0.61 0.000
Rate of Positive WTP Participants Girls 55 46 65 0 0.00 1.000 0.000
Health Professionals 85 67 106 1 0.016 0.900 0.000
Others 87 65 115 0 0.00 1.000 0.000
Parents/Mothers 67 59 74 7 17 0.017 58.9
Students 87 66 113 1 0.00 0.942 0.000
Women 58 40 82 7 137 0.000 94.9
Country by ‎economies High-Income Economies (HIEs) 65 56 75 5 22.4 0.000 77.7
Lower-Middle Income Economies (LMIEs) 67 53 86 5 15.7 0.008 68.2
Low-Income Economies (LIEs) 73 54 96 2 6 0.04 66.9
Upper-Middle-Income Economies (UMIEs) 64 43 96 6 13.7 0.00 95.6
Type of prevention methods HPV 63 52 76 15 197.2 0.000 92.3
Pap-smear 89 69 115 0 0.0 1.000 0.000
screening service 71 61 83 4 7.1 0.1 43.7
WTP as a
percentage of
GDP per capita
Participants Girls 0.19 0 0.24 1 0.1 0.733 0.000
Health Professionals 1 011 9.1 1 0.0 0.937 0.000
Others 2.27 0.35 14.3 0 0.0 1.000 0.000
Parents/Mothers 0.40 0.10 1.51 6 0.0 1.000 0.000
Students 1.78 0.29 10.5 3 0.5 0.904 0.000
Women 0.94 0.31 2.09 5 1.01 0.96 0.000
Country by ‎economies High-Income Economies (HIEs) 0.39 0.13 1.19 8 0.7 0.999 0.000
Lower-Middle Income Economies (LMIEs) 1.54 0.49 4.79 4 0.91 0.91 0.000
Low-Income Economies (LIEs‎) 1 0.1 9.12 1 0.0 0.937 0.000
Upper-Middle-Income Economies (UMIEs) 1 0.26 4.13 5 1.4 0.923 0.000
Type of prevention methods HPV 0.91 0.43 1.90 16 505 0999 0.000
Pap-smear 0.53 0.02 1.14 1 0.00 0936 0.000
screening service 0.63 0.12 3.3 2 0.27 0.87 0.000