Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Study Participants
| Characteristics | Overall (n=2001) | Male (n=750) | Female (n=1251) | P -value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 57.20±11.60 | 58.90±11.51 | 56.18±11.55 | <0.001 |
| Ethnicity n (%) | 0.167 | |||
| Han | 373 (18.6) | 131 (17.5) | 242 (19.3) | |
| Yao | 1524 (76.2) | 587 (78.3) | 937 (74.9) | |
| Others | 104 (5.2) | 32 (4.3) | 72 (5.8) | |
| Education time n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| ≤6 year | 1328 (66.4) | 394 (52.5) | 934 (74.7) | |
| >6 year | 673 (33.6) | 356 (47.5) | 317 (25.3) | |
| Smoking | 355 (17.7) | 350 (46.7) | 5 (0.4) | <0.001 |
| Drinking | 679 (33.9) | 424 (56.5) | 255 (20.4) | <0.001 |
| Daily consumption of oil tea (mL) | 360.00 (240.00–720.00) | 480.00 (300.00–720.00) | 360.00 (220.00–640.00) | <0.001 |
| Tea content in oil tea (g) | 8.12 (4.08–15.33) | 9.55 (4.70–17.12) | 7.46 (3.61–14.23) | <0.001 |
| Ginger content in oil tea (g) | 9.33 (4.88–16.76) | 10.00 (5.06–17.93) | 8.90 (4.76–16.08) | 0.02 |
| Daily energy intake (kcal) | 1515.94 (1144.49–2018.46) | 1647.37 (1241.4–2194.5) | 1408.52 (1085.99–1904.59) | <0.001 |
| Daily protein intake (g) | 36.74 (25.18–54.71) | 41.11 (28.2–60.28) | 34.52 (23.6–50.72) | <0.001 |
| Daily fat intake (g) | 65.83 (45.01–94.95) | 74.26 (50.77–103.02) | 62.14 (42.59–90.41) | <0.001 |
| Daily carbohydrate intake (g) | 187.71 (138.94–251.20) | 201.31 (144.60–273.44) | 180.46 (133.27–237.11) | <0.001 |
| Daily cholesterol intake (mg) | 210.52 (101.92–361.15) | 213.49 (106.45–366.83) | 209.98 (98.63–359.99) | 0.423 |
| Physical activity level at work n (%) | 0.001 | |||
| Not working | 689 (34.4) | 232 (30.9) | 457 (36.5) | |
| Light physical activity | 97 (4.8) | 37 (4.9) | 60 (4.8) | |
| General physical activity | 1171 (58.5) | 454 (60.5) | 717 (57.3) | |
| Heavy physical activity | 44 (2.2) | 27 (3.6) | 17 (1.4) | |
| Walking time n (%) | 0.095 | |||
| ≤2 h/day | 798 (39.9) | 316 (42.1) | 482 (38.5) | |
| 2–4 h/day | 583 (29.1) | 198 (26.4) | 385 (30.8) | |
| >4 h/day | 620 (31.0) | 236 (31.5) | 384 (30.7) | |
| Systolic pressure (mmHg) | 131 (118–149) | 129 (115–146) | 133 (121–151) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic pressure (mmHg) | 81 (73–90) | 79 (73–88) | 82 (74–91) | 0.001 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 4.71 (4.36–5.16) | 4.77 (4.37–5.21) | 4.68 (4.36–5.12) | 0.014 |
| Obesity | 151 (7.6) | 58 (7.7) | 93 (7.4) | 0.806 |
| Abdominal obesity | 610 (30.5) | 126 (16.8) | 484 (38.7) | <0.001 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 5.46 (4.82–6.20) | 5.44 (4.80–6.20) | 5.47 (4.85–6.19) | 0.334 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.05 (0.74–1.63) | 1.04 (0.72–1.60) | 1.06 (0.75–1.63) | 0.645 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.34 (2.73–4.01) | 3.38 (2.77–4.02) | 3.33 (2.70–4.00) | 0.363 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.70 (1.46–1.99) | 1.63 (1.41–1.93) | 1.74 (1.49–2.03) | <0.001 |
| Taking lipid-lowering drugs n (%) | 17 (0.8) | 8 (1.1) | 9 (0.7) | 0.413 |
| High TC n (%) | 487 (24.3) | 185 (24.7) | 302 (24.1) | 0.791 |
| High TG n (%) | 260 (13.0) | 108 (14.4) | 152 (12.2) | 0.147 |
| High LDL-C n (%) | 432 (21.6) | 163 (21.7) | 269 (21.5) | 0.903 |
| Low HDL-C n (%) | 15 (0.7) | 7 (0.9) | 8 (0.6) | 0.461 |
Abbreviations: FPG, fasting blood glucose; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.