Figure 3.

Glucose metabolism. Intramuscular glycogen content (A) was measured in samples collected at the tissue harvest (2–4 h food pull). Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity (B) and pyruvate oxidation (C) were measured in fresh homogenates. Expression of the Pdk4 gene (D) was assessed by RT-PCR. Control sedentary (Con-Sed; n = 11 mice), control exercise training (Con-ExTr; n = 9 mice), normal protein, ketogenic diet sedentary (NPKD-Sed; n = 10 mice), and NPKD exercise training (NPKD-ExTr; n = 9 mice) were used for all analyses. Data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA with a Bonferroni post hoc analysis and are presented as means ± SE. Gene expression is normalized to cyclophilin (PPIB). #P < 0.05 main effect of diet; $main effect for exercise; Bonferroni post hoc test revealed significant differences (identified with an asterisk) at the following P values *P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001.