Table 1.
Airspace biomarkers of pneumococcal pneumonia-related lung injury in models 1) without and 2) with antibiotics
| Studies without Antibiotics | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ligand | Control (n = 12) | WRW4 (n = 13) | *Ratio | Uncorrected P Value |
| IL-1β | 725 (581–947) | 566 (495–709) | 0.78 | 0.016 |
| TNF-α | 6,983 (4,907–8,480) | 5,517 (3,493–6,020) | 0.79 | 0.044 |
| CXCL9 | 2,749 (1,854–3,840) | 1,197 (875–1,929) | 0.44 | 0.011 |
| IFN-γ | 165 (123–214) | 95 (80–121) | 0.58 | 0.002 |
| IL-2 | 56 (53–62) | 54 (48–57) | 0.96 | 0.039 |
| CXCL10 | 11,182 (8,963–13,928) | 4,126 (896–5,166) | 0.37 | 0.0002 |
| MIP-1α | 61,246 (54,135–73,161) | 58,037 (24,421–73,015) | 0.95 | 0.201 |
| GM-CSF | 259 (139–309) | 201 (142–265) | 0.78 | 0.503 |
| IL-17 | 71 (49–135) | 70 (51–92) | 0.99 | 0.583 |
| IL-6 | 6,404 (4,032–7,839) | 4,922 (4,385–8,150) | 0.77 | 0.878 |
| IL-1α | 873 (766–1,194) | 673 (487–995) | 0.77 | 0.070 |
| MCP-1 | 1,089 (802–1,574) | 851 (349–1,335) | 0.78 | 0.096 |
| KC | 7,236 (6,269–8,079) | 7,378 (7,162–7,929) | 1.02 | 0.650 |
| Studies with Antibiotics | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ligand | CTX (n = 8) | CTX + WRW4 (n = 10) | *Ratio | Uncorrected P Value |
| TNF-α | 149 (114–241) | 95 (78–167) | 0.64 | 0.046 |
| IL-1β | 80 (68–97) | 74 (56–110) | 0.93 | 0.760 |
| CXCL9 | 820 (444–1,011) | 967 (354–1,528) | 1.18 | 0.377 |
| IL-2 | 28 (27–31) | 29 (27–32) | 1.04 | 0.852 |
| CXCL10 | 554 (290–897) | 598 (330–1,026) | 1.08 | 0.566 |
| MIP-1α | 323 (200–498) | 314 (221–406) | 0.97 | 0.915 |
| IL-17 | 0.63 (0.35–0.93) | 0.44 (0.28–0.81) | 0.70 | 0.369 |
| IL-6 | 232 (130–326) | 240 (123–733) | 1.03 | 0.633 |
| IL-1α | 72 (49–94) | 54 (46–96) | 0.75 | 0.617 |
| MCP-1 | 976 (639–1551) | 1,011 (733–1,206) | 1.04 | 0.948 |
| KC | 213 (147–338) | 202 (123–309) | 0.95 | 0.662 |
| IFN-γ | Too low to measure | |||
| GM-CSF | Too low to measure | |||
Median (IQR) values at 24 h (above) or 72h (below) postinfection are expressed in pg/mL. *Ratio of the ligand in 1) WRW4 to control and 2) CTX + WRW4 to CTX only. CTX, ceftriaxone; CXCL, C-X-C ligand; GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; IQR, interquartile range; KC, murine homolog of IL-8; MCP, monocyte chemoattractant protein; MIP, macrophage inflammatory protein; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.