Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies
| Study | Country | Outcome (number of patients with/without the outcome) | Population features | CVD definition | Adjustment for confounders |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yang et al. [22] | China | Death (32/20) | ICU patients | Chronic cardiac disease | No |
| Zhou et al. [23] | China | Death (54/137) | General hospitalized population | Coronary heart disease | Age, lymphocyte count, d-dimer and SOFA |
| Wang et al. [4] | China | Death (78/470) | General hospitalized population | Coronary heart disease | No |
| Yan et al. [24] | China | Death (108/85) | General hospitalized population | Cardiovascular disease | No |
| Chen et al. [25] | China | Death (92/812) | General hospitalized population | Cardiovascular disease | No |
| Shi et al. [26] | China | Death (16/137) | Hospitalized without type 2 diabetes | Cardiovascular disease | No |
| Shi et al. [26] | China | Death (31/122) | Hospitalized with type 2 diabetes | Cardiovascular disease | No |
| Docherty et al. [27] | UK | Death (5165/14968) | General hospitalized population | Chronic cardiac disease | No |
| Auld et al. [28] | USA | Death (62/155) | ICU patients | Coronary heart disease | No |
| Lee et al. [9] | UK | Death (226/574) | Hospitalized patients with cancer | Cardiovascular Disease | No |
| Russo et al. [10] | Italy | Death (35/157) | General hospitalized population | Coronary heart disease | No |
| Xu et al. [11] | China | Death (33/659); any of ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, death (55/648) | General hospitalized population | Cardiovascular disease | No |
| Rivera-Izquierdo et al. [12] | Spain | Death (61/177) | General hospitalized population | Cardiovascular disease | No |
| Baqui et al. [13] | Brazil | Death (3328/4043) | General hospitalized population | Cardiovascular disease | No |
| Kim et al. [14] | Korea | Death (130/8888) | General hospitalized population | Acute myocardial infarction | Sex, age, type of districts, high epidemic region and socio-economic status |
| Passamonti et al. [15] | Italy | Death (198/338) | Hospitalized patients with cancer | Heart disease | No |
| Sapey et al. [16] | UK | Death (769/1448) | General hospitalized population | Coronary heart disease | No |
| Liu et al. [17] | China | Death (121/552) | General hospitalized population | Chronic cardiac disease | No |
| Wang et al. [18] | China | Death (116/177) | General hospitalized population | Coronary heart disease | No |
| Iaccarino et al. [19] | Italy | Death (188/1403) | General hospitalized population | Coronary heart disease | Age, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| Halvatsiotis et al. [20] | Greece | Death (26/60) | ICU patients | Cardiovascular disorders | No |
| Cariou et al. [5] | France | Death (140/1177)a; any of mechanical ventilation, death (382/935)a | Hospitalized with type 2 diabetes | Coronary heart disease | No |
| Petrilli et al. [21] | USA | Death (241/2484); any of ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, death (990/1739) | General hospitalized population | Coronary heart disease | Patients’ characteristics, comorbidities, vital signs at admission and first set of laboratory results were all tested in multivariate models |
| Maddaloni et al. [2] | Italy | Death (29/199); any of ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, death (128/149) | General hospitalized population | Major adverse cardiovascular events | Age and sex |
| Ferguson et al. [29] | USA | ICU admission (21/51) | General hospitalized population | Coronary heart disease | No |
| Kokoszka-Bargiel et al. [30] | Poland | ICU admission (32/21) | General hospitalized population | Coronary heart disease | No |
| Hur et al. [31] | USA | Mechanical ventilation (138/148) | General hospitalized population | Cardiovascular disease | No |
| Ibanez-Samaniego et al. [6] | Spain | Mechanical ventilation (38/122) | General hospitalized population | Ischemic or valvular heart disease | No |
| Jang et al. [32] | Korea | Any of ARDS, ICU admission, death (23/87) | General hospitalized population | Cardiovascular disease | No |
| Zhang et al. [33] | China | Any of ARDS, mechanical ventilation, septic shock, ICU admission (56/51) | Hospitalized patients with cancer | Cardiovascular disease | No |
| Fadini et al. [3] | Italy | Any of ICU admission, death (102/311) | General hospitalized population | Cardiovascular disease | No |
| Deng et al. [34] | China | Any of ICU admission, mechanical ventilation and ECMO, death (31/81) | General hospitalized population | Coronary heart disease | No |
| Turcotte et al. [35] | USA | Any of ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, death (48/69) | General hospitalized population | Coronary heart disease | No |
| Bravi et al. [36] | Italy | Any of ICU admission or death (192/1411) | General hospitalized population | Congestive heart failure, myocardial infacrtion or stroke | No |
SOFA sequential organ failure assessment score
aIn Cariou et al. [5] data about coronary heart disease were available in 1215 participants